Hazam language
| This page is a work in progress by its author(s) and should not be considered final. |
| Hazam | |
|---|---|
| Хазамска | |
| Native to | Hazamaeia |
| Ethnicity |
Hazamaeians Hasnunians |
| Region | Nimtahe (northeastern) |
| Native speaker | 10.7 million (2011 est.) |
| Language family |
Northeastern Nimtahe
|
| Writing system | Hazamaeian Cyrillic |
| Code |
hzhzm |
| Official status | |
| Official language in |
 Hazamaeia |
| Regulated by | Hazamaeian National Office of Writing Systems and Languages (DNRQH) |
The Hazam language (Хазамска, Fihanta transliteration: Hazamska) is a language from the northeastern region of the world of Nimtahe. It is the national language and the sole language of federal administration of Hazamaeia. It is estimated that there are more than 10 million native Hazam speaker—mostly concentrated in the Hazamaeian states of Hasnunia, Votskad, and Plovossnaia—with about 40 million other as second language speakers.
Hazam is nicknamed "the Language of All-Tongue" in Hazamaeia due to its many consonants.
Contents
Classificaton
Hazam is an agglutinative language. It is with Fostralaque and several other languages in Galnayuk and Lugudia in the Northeastern Nimtahe language family.
Dialects
There are a number of Hazam dialects: Hasnunian, Upper Rtav, Ndosian, Mountain, Norther Mountains, Upper Plovossnaia, Lower Plovossnaia, and Upper Fostralaq. Dialects mostly differ in words rather than pronunciation. The dialect used for the national language is a standardized formal Hasnunian dialect.
Usage
Hazam has the official status in all of the states and provinces in Hazamaeia. The standardized form is regulated by the Hazamaeian National Office of Writing Systems and Languages (Hazam: DNRQH) of the Ministry of Science, Education, and Culture. It is among the tested subjects in the final exam of elementary, middle, and high school. Foreigners who wish to be naturalized need to pass a Hazam language exam.
According to 2011 estimation from the national office, there are about 10,659,512 native speakers nationwide, mostly live in the northeastern part of the country where the language is native to. 40 million others are estimated to use it as their second language.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Labio- dental |
Dental | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Retroflex | Alveolo- palatal |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Epiglottal | Glottal | Whistled | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||||||||
| Plosive | p b | t d | c | k ɡ | q | ʔ | |||||||
| Sibilant | s z | ʃ ʒ | s͎ | ||||||||||
| Non-sibilant fricative |
β | f v | θ ð | ʝ | x | h ɦ | |||||||
| Approximant | ʋ | ɻ | j | ʢ | |||||||||
| Trill | r | ||||||||||||
| Lateral approximant | l | ʎ | |||||||||||
| Affricate | ts | dʒ tʃ |
Nearly any consonant can be an ejective.
Vowels
| Front | Near- front |
Central | Near- back |
Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i y | ɨ ʉ | ɯ u | ||
| Near-close | ɪ | ʊ | |||
| Close-mid | e | ɘ | ɤ o | ||
| Mid | ə | ||||
| Open-mid | ɛ œ | ʌ ɔ | |||
| Near-open | ɐ | ||||
| Open | a | ɑ |
[a], [e], [i], [o], and [u] may appear as long vowels ([:]). Not all of the vowels are represented with a single letter. [ʌ] is written with cluster ао.
Grammar
Hazam does not have cases other than genitive in pronouns. Affixes are present and are primary in determining what form the word is. Words are divided into root words and derivative words. Derivative words are suffixed words and thus usually have different meaning than their respective root words. Root words are usually nouns or does not have any meaning at all. Root words which are not nouns are called perfect words (Миӽалкасї тумара-аӽ, Mikhalkasiy tumara'akh) in which they can be adjective, verb, adverb, etc. Words such as preposition, interjection, conjunction, and numbers are not perfect words. Hazam uses SVO (subject–verb–object) word order.
There are several affixes in Hazam, each has its own further derivation and meaning. -iy (-ї) is used for adejctives. -e (-ѝ) is used for verb. -yik is used for adverb. -voka is used to form a more advanced noun of the root word. -ran indicates a person that does something to the root word. -or is used for devices that do something related to the root word. lam- is used for words whose meaning similar to "way". sa- is used to indicate large amount.
Example
The derivations of the word "ҥару" (ngaru).
| Hazam | Fihanta translit. | Meanings |
|---|---|---|
| ҥаруѝ | ngarue | to eat/eating |
| ҥаруин | ngaruin | eat (PRES) |
| ҥаруис | ngaruis | be eaten (PASS.PRES) |
| ҥаруид | ngaruid | ate (PST) |
| ҥарувока | ngaruvoka | food |
| ҥаруї | ngaruiy | edible |
| ҥаруина | ngaruina | eat (IMP) |
Alphabet
Hazam uses the Hazameian Cyrillic alphabet, the Hazamaeian version of the Cyrillic script of the Earth.
Sample text
Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
- Самаӽлувине варамирид хивтаїик ђе тас агъенаї ар масђа ђе ревона. Саил кдемис каогата ђе щимса ђе саил аи ԛуарфанксин ксинире ар ваетад лаутемисемаа.
- Samakhluviné varamirid hivtayik jé tas aghénaiy ar masja jé revona. Sail kdémis kaogata jé shimsa jé sail ai quarfanksin ksiniré ar vaétad lautémisémaa.
- All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
