Difference between revisions of "Healthcare and social assistance in the Kingdom of Italy"
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* the Higher Health Council (''Consiglio Superiore di Sanità'', C.S.S.) | * the Higher Health Council (''Consiglio Superiore di Sanità'', C.S.S.) | ||
* the Higher Institute of Health (''Istituto Superiore di Sanità'', I.S.S.) | * the Higher Institute of Health (''Istituto Superiore di Sanità'', I.S.S.) | ||
| − | * | + | * Scientific Hospitalization and Treatment Institutes (''Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico'', I.R.C.C.S.) |
* experimental zooprophylactic institutes | * experimental zooprophylactic institutes | ||
* the Italian Medicines Institute (''Istituto Italiano del Farmaco'', I.I.Fa.) | * the Italian Medicines Institute (''Istituto Italiano del Farmaco'', I.I.Fa.) | ||
| − | * Local Hospitals | + | * Local Hospitals and Local Social and Health Units, through which the National Health Service provides health care. |
| − | ==Emergency medicine== | + | == Hospitals == |
| + | A Local Hospital is a public hospital facility, part of the National Health Service, which performs the function of a hospital, and is also used for specialist services where requisites and conditions are met. If the Hospital is dependent on a Local Social-Health Unit, it takes the name of "Hospital Presidium". | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Hospital Presidium === | ||
| + | The "Hospital Presidium" is a hospital not established in an independent body; therefore it has much less autonomy, in spite of it having autonomy at managerial level (presence of a responsible physician and an administrative manager) and functional with separate accounting, even if it is internal to the budget of the relevant ULSS. The medical director of the Hospital Presidium depends on the general director of the relevant ULSS. | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Local Hospitals === | ||
| + | The Local Hospitals assure health specialization activities with advanced and innovative diagnostic and therapeutic technologies and perform the tasks specifically assigned by the national planning acts and documents. All Hospitals are equipped with an emergency and acceptance department. Ordinarily, Local Hospitals depend on the relevant ULSS, but some categories depend directly on the central organs.<br> | ||
| + | Each Hospital has an Administrative Director, a Medical Director and a Medical Commission. The highest manager is the Director General, appointed by the Minister of Health and Social Assistance. | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Classification === | ||
| + | Local Hospitals are divided into three classes, depending on the catchment area: | ||
| + | * Class 1 Hospital: with a catchment basin of between 80,000 and 150,000 inhabitants, with first aid and an essential number of specialties; | ||
| + | * Class 2 Hospital: with a catchment basin between 150,001 and 300,000 inhabitants, with emergency-urgency departments and various specialties and advanced technologies: for example, an emergency room, a medicine department, a surgery department and twelve specialized departments; | ||
| + | * Hospital of Classe 3: with a catchment basin between 300,001 and 1,000,000 inhabitants. They are predominantly large hospitals not spun off from the ULSS and having special specializations, for example with the addition of neurosurgery and cardiac surgery. | ||
| + | * High Specialization Hospital: they are public health bodies with public juridical personality, organizational, administrative, patrimonial, accounting, managerial and technical autonomy. High Specialization Hospital must have at least three highly specialized structures and a functionally grouped and unitary divisional organization. They depend on the Regional Division or on the Ministry itself. | ||
| + | * Polyclinic: university hospitals, or "polyclinics" (''Policlinici''), are established by decree of the Rector of the relevant University upon authorization of the Minister of National Education and of the Minister of Health and Social Assistance, with the function of both public assistance and university education, and are provided of ìstrategic and management autonomy. | ||
| + | * Scientific Hospitalization and Treatment Institutes: special hospitals, public or private, that carry out clinical research activities, as well as the management of excellent healthcare services. | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Emergency medicine == | ||
The emergency medical services in Italy currently consist of a combination of volunteers and public organizations providing ambulance service, supplemented by physicians and nurses who perform all Advanced Life Support procedures. The emergency telephone number for emergency medical service in Italy is 118. Emergency medical service is always free of charge. First aid is provided by all the public hospitals: for urgent cases it is completely free of charge for everyone (even for the undocumented), while a copay (about £35,000) is sometimes asked for non-urgent cases. | The emergency medical services in Italy currently consist of a combination of volunteers and public organizations providing ambulance service, supplemented by physicians and nurses who perform all Advanced Life Support procedures. The emergency telephone number for emergency medical service in Italy is 118. Emergency medical service is always free of charge. First aid is provided by all the public hospitals: for urgent cases it is completely free of charge for everyone (even for the undocumented), while a copay (about £35,000) is sometimes asked for non-urgent cases. | ||
Revision as of 05:42, 9 July 2018
Healthcare and social assistance spending in the Kingdom of Italy accounted for 15.2% of GDP in 2015. In 2000 Italy's healthcare system was regarded, by World Health Organization's ranking, as the 2nd best in the world after France.
The fascist Constitution establishes the "right to health" of all Italians. The fascist State therefore organizes the health system as a public system of a "universalistic" character, typical of a social state, which guarantees health care to all Italians, funded by the State, by Corporations and by direct revenues, received through health tickets, with paid services.
Contents
National Health Service
Healthcare is provided to all citizens and residents by a mostly public system, founded through a corporatist financement. The public part is the National Health Service (Italian:Servizio Sanitario Nazionale, S.S.N.), which is organized under the Ministry of Health and of Social Assistance.
General Practitioners and family doctors are entirely paid by the S.S.N., must offer visiting time at least five days a week and have a limit of 1,500 patients. Patients can choose and change their GP, subjected to availability.
Prescription drugs can be acquired only if prescribed by a doctor. If prescribed by the family doctor, they are generally subsidized, requiring only a limited copay that depends on the medicine type and on the patient income (all the prescribed drugs are free for the poor). Over-the-counter drugs are paid out-of-pocket. Both prescription and over-the-counter drugs can only be sold in specialized shops (farmacia).
Visits by specialist doctors or diagnostic tests are provided by the public hospitals, and if prescribed by the family doctor require only a limited copay and are free for the poor.
The National Health Service is a national level body that organizes regional services on a regional basis.
The National Health Service is articulated according to different levels of responsibility and governance: the State has the responsibility to ensure all citizens the right to health through a strong system of guarantees and through the concrete implementation of the expenditure for the achievement of health objectives of the country.
Organization
The National Health Service is therefore not a single administration, but a set of bodies and bodies that contribute to achieving the objectives of protecting the health of citizens. In fact, it consists of:
- the Ministry of Health and Social Assistance, which directs the national health plan;
- the Higher Health Council (Consiglio Superiore di Sanità, C.S.S.)
- the Higher Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità, I.S.S.)
- Scientific Hospitalization and Treatment Institutes (Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, I.R.C.C.S.)
- experimental zooprophylactic institutes
- the Italian Medicines Institute (Istituto Italiano del Farmaco, I.I.Fa.)
- Local Hospitals and Local Social and Health Units, through which the National Health Service provides health care.
Hospitals
A Local Hospital is a public hospital facility, part of the National Health Service, which performs the function of a hospital, and is also used for specialist services where requisites and conditions are met. If the Hospital is dependent on a Local Social-Health Unit, it takes the name of "Hospital Presidium".
Hospital Presidium
The "Hospital Presidium" is a hospital not established in an independent body; therefore it has much less autonomy, in spite of it having autonomy at managerial level (presence of a responsible physician and an administrative manager) and functional with separate accounting, even if it is internal to the budget of the relevant ULSS. The medical director of the Hospital Presidium depends on the general director of the relevant ULSS.
Local Hospitals
The Local Hospitals assure health specialization activities with advanced and innovative diagnostic and therapeutic technologies and perform the tasks specifically assigned by the national planning acts and documents. All Hospitals are equipped with an emergency and acceptance department. Ordinarily, Local Hospitals depend on the relevant ULSS, but some categories depend directly on the central organs.
Each Hospital has an Administrative Director, a Medical Director and a Medical Commission. The highest manager is the Director General, appointed by the Minister of Health and Social Assistance.
Classification
Local Hospitals are divided into three classes, depending on the catchment area:
- Class 1 Hospital: with a catchment basin of between 80,000 and 150,000 inhabitants, with first aid and an essential number of specialties;
- Class 2 Hospital: with a catchment basin between 150,001 and 300,000 inhabitants, with emergency-urgency departments and various specialties and advanced technologies: for example, an emergency room, a medicine department, a surgery department and twelve specialized departments;
- Hospital of Classe 3: with a catchment basin between 300,001 and 1,000,000 inhabitants. They are predominantly large hospitals not spun off from the ULSS and having special specializations, for example with the addition of neurosurgery and cardiac surgery.
- High Specialization Hospital: they are public health bodies with public juridical personality, organizational, administrative, patrimonial, accounting, managerial and technical autonomy. High Specialization Hospital must have at least three highly specialized structures and a functionally grouped and unitary divisional organization. They depend on the Regional Division or on the Ministry itself.
- Polyclinic: university hospitals, or "polyclinics" (Policlinici), are established by decree of the Rector of the relevant University upon authorization of the Minister of National Education and of the Minister of Health and Social Assistance, with the function of both public assistance and university education, and are provided of ìstrategic and management autonomy.
- Scientific Hospitalization and Treatment Institutes: special hospitals, public or private, that carry out clinical research activities, as well as the management of excellent healthcare services.
Emergency medicine
The emergency medical services in Italy currently consist of a combination of volunteers and public organizations providing ambulance service, supplemented by physicians and nurses who perform all Advanced Life Support procedures. The emergency telephone number for emergency medical service in Italy is 118. Emergency medical service is always free of charge. First aid is provided by all the public hospitals: for urgent cases it is completely free of charge for everyone (even for the undocumented), while a copay (about £35,000) is sometimes asked for non-urgent cases.
