M.V.S.N. (Kingdom of Italy)
| Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale | |
| |
| The MVSN emblem | |
| Active | 1923 - Present |
| Country | Italian Social Republic |
| Branch | Party armed wing |
| Size | 721,160 |
| Part of | PNF |
| Headquarters | Palazzo della Milizia, Roma, Italy |
| March | Giovinezza |
| Colors | Black, Silver |
The Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale, or MVSN (Voluntary Militia for National Security) are the PNF armed and security wing in Italy. The main role entrusted to the MVSN is to ensure national security and protection for the top Regime personnel against internal opposition and to serve as a counterbalance against coup attempts by the regular Army.
The Militia has delicate political tasks, military educational, and strictly military. It helps to maintain public order and to ensure the proper functioning of essential state services (in support to the Public Security), cares of the pre-military education, and oversees State borders with special border units.
Recruitment is strictly voluntary. The recruits are drawn from the Avanguardisti (GIL) who are at least 18 years old.
The solemn function of the Fascist Muster is set for April, 21st of each year, and finished with the symbolic rite of delivery of the musket to recruits. Applications for entry of young people are collected by the Legion commands, which act as centers of mobilization. In case of mobilization of the armed forces of the State, the Legionnaries are absorbed by the Army, the Navy and the Air Force, with some exceptions.
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M.V.S.N. personnel, strictly when in service, are Public Security Officers and Agents, according the actual rank, while members of Specialties are also Judicial Police Officers and Agents, according the rank.
Contents
Broad organization
The organization of the militia consists of a General Command, which is in control of "Militia Regions", composed of provincial Legions, which are the basic units: there are 110 metropolitan Legions and a War Veteran Legion, based in Rome and with a War Veteran Unit for each Legion, established in the provincial capital.
Each Legion consists of three Cohorts, in their turn formed by three handpieces, which consist of two Centurie each. Each Centuria is made up of ten Squads.
The Legionaries, and especially the officers, they are divided into three categories:
- Permanent Service (mostly officers and some standing units);
- Cadres (the vast majority of active personnel usually not in service, but can be recalled);
- Reserve.
The system provides the chance for officers to pass upon demand from the Armed Forces in the Militia or vice versa. The General Command provides for the appointment of officers.
The services performed by the Legionaries up to the rank of Primo Caposquadra is not of a continuing nature (with the exception of some Permanent Service Legionnaires), but is based on the periodic visits, especially for rotation to the territorial garrisons and detachments, but also in view of particular events or reasons for training missions. The general mobilization is the sole responsibility of the Duce. Enrollment is possible only if enrolled in the National Fascist Party.
Legionaries in permanent service are in turn divided as follows:
- Actual permanent service: providing non-stop service to the Commands and are paid on a monthly basis with fixed remuneration;
- Cadres who have a Command: despite being in service, they do not receive fixed compensation, except in cases of service outside of their residence.
Recruitment centers of the Militia are the Legion Commands, which judge the applications and have a special Personnel Bureau.
Commandant General
The Commandant General of the Militia is the commander in chief of the Militia and is appointed by the Duce of Fascism, after consulting the Chief of Defence Staff. As part of the Militia, the Commandant General has higher hierarchical rank than all the MVSN officers. In case of absence, impediment or vacancy of office, he is replaced by the designated general officer.
Central Commission
The Central Commission of the MVSN is the body tasked with assisting the Commandant General of the MVSN. It consists of the four highest ranking officers: the Chief of Staff of the MVSN, the Secretary General of the OVRA, the Commandant General of the National Republican Guard and the Director General of the Central Security Office.
Militia Press Office
The MVSN has a Press and Propaganda Central Office at the General HQs. It is subdivided into four sections:
- Internal and Foreign Press Office (It: Ufficio stampa interna ed estera);
- Propaganda Office (Ufficio propaganda);
- Historical Office (Ufficio storico);
- Radio-TV Broadcasting Office (Ufficio Audiovisivo).
The Press Office is responsible for the regular publication of the fortnightly "Foglio d'Ordini", which works as official newspaper about the activities of the militia and the regular weekly "Milizia Fascista". The Legion Libraries are under the direct control of the Office.
Specialties
MVSN Specialties provide specialized services within the broad scope of the whole MVSN:
- Border Militia (Milizia Confinaria) - alongside Public Security
- Medical Militia (Milizia ruolo medico)
- Militia Military Chaplains (Assistenza spirituale della Milizia)
- Railway Militia (Milizia Ferroviaria)
- Forest Militia (Milizia Forestale)
- Air and Sea Militia (Milizia Portuaria and Milizia dell'Aria)- Coast Guard alongside Navy and airport police
- Highway Militia (Milizia della Strada) - alongside Public Security.
Legion
The MVSN Legion is the basic organizational element. It has a provincial-related jurisdiction, and each Legion manages all MVSN activties within its Province, ranging from territorial presence to public order, public security and civil protection support activity.
The Legions' primary task is the territorial presence, organized trough a garrisons and detachments network, in order to watch over political stability and over police forces.
- Legion Command (permanent service)
- Chaplain detachment
- Personnel Office
- Political Information Office
- Specialty Detachments (with the exception of Medical Militia; mixed)
- Detachment Commands (permanent service)
- Detachment troops (Cadres)
- Public Order Maniple (Cadres)
- Civil Protection Maniple (Cadres)
- Medical Detachment (Cadres)
- Territorial Garrisons (Cohort-level) and Detachments (Maniple-level)
- Garrisons and Detachments Commands (permanent service)
- Garrisons and Detachments troops (Cadres)
