Difference between revisions of "Montenbourg"

Latest revision as of 14:42, 21 February 2014

The Kingdom Of Montenbourg, commonly known as Montenbourg, is a country in the region of Europe and shares a border with in eastern France, western Italy and southern Switzerland. The capital city is Montague, and is the largest city in the province of Strasbourg . Montenbourg is geographically, a medium sized State within it's region.

Montenbourg form of Government is a Constitutional Monarchy With a Parlamentary System. The current monarch—since 1 January, 2013—is king Lawrence I. The Kingdom devolved administrations,each with varying powers, based in their capital cities, Castletown, Bordeauxville and Duketown, respectively. The Kingdom has Seven Montenbourg Overseas Territories. These are remnants of the Monten Empire which, at its height in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land mass and was the largest empire in history. It is a country in it's own right and the Commonwealth consists of eight countries, including Montenbourg, known as Commonwealth Realms; Cranford, Hayle, Beaumont, Marlborough, Apulia, Naples, Isle of Mann, Triabunna. Within Montenbourg itself, there are twenty-one administrative divisions. These divisions have various nobility attached to them, and have devolved administrations that have had certain powers granted to them by the main Governmental seat in Montague.

The Montenbourg Kingdom is a developed country and has the world's sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and eighth-largest by purchasing power parity. It was the world's first industrialised country and the world's foremost power during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The MK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally.It is a recognised nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth in the world.The MK has been a permanent member of the World Assembly Security Council since its first session. It has been a member of the European Union (EU) and its predecessor the European Economic Community (EEC) since 1973, and Founder of the Great Kingdom Society.

History

Before 1450

The Beginning of Montenbourg In 1060, The people what we called early Montens firstly migrated from the north Valleys and they began to settle in the lands of SouthWest Europe. They founded several city states in this land and they called those citiy states ," Bourgs". The bourgs were ruled by the Priest Kings and there were wars between the various city states. Among the citiy states, there were three most powerful and famous city states such as Speranto, Espinosa,and Durnham. In 1235, Maximus the general of Durnham overthrown the Priest king system and he established the monarchy system along with the separation of the spiritual power and political power. Maximus founded the Bourgen Dynasty of Durnham. Under Maximus 's reign, the state was prosperous as he allowed the free market and trading in Durnham. By conqueroring neighbouring city states, Durnham became the most powerful city state on the land of modern montens. Maximus used various means to found a single united montens nation. By conqueroring, arranging alliance by political marriages and treaty, finally Maximus founded the first unified state of montens. After 100 years of the rule by House of Bourgens, in the reign of the King Jonatibus the handsome, the montens was invaded by the fomidble forces of France army from NorthSouth. France conquered half of Europe under the expensionist King Philip III. The montens was officially colonized by French army in 1238. The Frenchs did not directly rule to monten as it was very far from Lyon. Instead of direct rule, the France put King's son, the prince Philip on the throne of the monten. He took the monten title, " Bourgen' and he founded a new court at Durnham in France. The House of Philip has been ruled for monten since then. In 1450, the montens struggled for the independence.

The Battle Of The Bourgs

In 1450 Charles III, King of Monten of The House of Philip And her wife Margaret of Venezia, She secretly openly sided with the montens and rebelled against the French king who she was married, she order secretly to kill French King Charles III, Because she understand the importance of fredoom the Monten People from the invasion of france by putting the to hard work and domination, also charles wasnt the king the monten people Had their King Named King Henry of The Montens.The Battle Started when the french notice, and declare war against the Monten people and Henry of The Montens, they take the Monten Fortress and the City, Margaret rejected the cautious strategy that characterized Monten leadership during previous campaigns. During the five months of siege before her arrival, the defenders of North Monten attempted only one aggressive move and that ended in disaster. On 4 May the Montens attacked and captured the outlying fortress of Saint Philip, which she followed on 5 May with a march to a second fortress called Saint Jean le Blanc, which was found deserted. The next day she opposed Jean Warwick at a war council where she demanded another assault on the enemy. Warwick ordered the city gates locked to prevent another battle, but she summoned the townsmen and common soldiers and forced the mayor to unlock a gate. With the aid of only one captain she rode out and captured the fortress of Saint Augustins. The sudden victory at Saint Agustíns led to many proposals for further offensive action. The French expected an attempt to recapture Monten Fortress or an attack on NortMonten. In the aftermath of the unexpected victory, Margaret persuaded Henry to grant her co-command of the army with Jean Warwick and gained royal permission for her plan to recapture nearby bridges along the Great River as a prelude to an advance the coronation of Henry. The French army set out for Monten Fortress on 29 June They lost in the Battle and surrender, then other towns in their path returned to Monten allegiance without resistance. Monten Fortress and the city opened its gates on 16 July, Peace where reestablished. The coronation and wedding took place the following morning Along with the victory in Battle of Bourgs, Margaret adopted the real bourgeon last name by marrying King Henry the truth king of the montens, the House of Bourgen led the montens united army and ousted the French imperial troops. In 1455, The king Henry made the declaration of independence from The kingdom of france. Beacuse of undetrstanding the cause of indigenous people and working for the interest of the subjects, the House of Bourgen was respected and continued to rule Monten even they are the descents of French and Italian royals.

The Golden Age

The rule of Henry III son of Henry II was peak in 1560 when Montans started to enter the age of Science. The Queen, Elena di Bourgeon patroned the Scientists and scholars to flourish the enlightenment of Montens. The reign of Queen Elena and King Henry III was called the golden age, This age the Catholic Church support the kingdom and Founded the Bosco University, also the Royal Cathedral of Monten, The title of "Catholic King and Queen" was bestowed on them by Pope Pius V in 1570, for defending Catholic dogmas within their realms. The Catholic Monarchs set out to restore royal authority in Monten. To accomplish their goal, they first created a group named the Holy Brotherhood. These men were used as a judicial police force for Monten, as well as to attempt to keep Monten nobles in check. To establish a more uniform judicial system, the Catholic Monarchs created the Royal Council, and appointed magistrates (judges) to run the towns and cities. This establishment of royal authority is known as the Pacification of Monten, and can be seen as one of the crucial steps toward the creation of one of Europe's first strong nation-states.

After a number of revolts, Ferdinand and Isabella ordered the expulsion from Monten of all Jews and Muslims. People who converted to Catholicism were not subject to expulsion, The Inquisition had been created in the twelfth century by Pope Lucius III to fight heresy in the south of what is now France and was constituted in a number of European kingdoms. The Catholic Monarchs decided to introduce the Inquisition to Monten, and requested the Pope's assent. On 1 November 1575 Pope Sixtus IV published the Papal bull Exigit Sinceras Devotionis Affectus, by which the Inquisition was established in the Kingdom of Monten. The bull gave the monarchs exclusive authority to name the inquisitors.

In 1576 Henry and Elena ordered segregation of communities to create closed quarters which eventually became what were later called "ghettos". They also furthered economic pressures upon Jews and other non-Christians by increasing taxes and social restrictions. Finally, the 1577 Convert Decree gave Jews in Monten four months to either convert to Catholicism or leave Monten. Tens of thousands of Jews emigrated to other lands such as France, North Africa, Italy and the Ottoman Empire. Later in 1579, Henry issued a letter addressed to the Jews who had left Monten, inviting them back to Monten if they had become Christians.

Exploration and Conquest

They authorized the expedition of Christopher Valdermoy, who was given the name of Admiral of the Ocean Sea by the monarchs, which brought knowledge of the Americas to Europe. Valdermoy' first expedition to the supposed Indies actually landed in the Isle of Mann on October 12, 1592 He landed on other island and called it Triabunna. He continued onto other island, naming it Hayle, and finished his journey on the island of Cran, calling it Cranford. On his second trip, begun in 1593, he found more Caribbean islands including Marlborough, Apulia, Naples. His main goal was to colonize the existing discoveries with the 1500 men that he had brought the second time around. Valdermoy finished his last expedition in 1598, and discovered Beaumont and the coast of present day Venezuela. The colonies Columbus established, and conquests in the Americas in later decades, generated an influx of wealth into the new unified state of Monten, leading it to be the major power of Europe from the end of the sixteenth century until the mid-seventeenth century.

Treaty of Bourgeon

On July 9th, 1743, the Treaty of Bourgen was established and signed. It established the House of Bourgen as the official monarchy of the new nation of Montenbourg, name from the origins of the Montens and the Bourgens, with the Capitol being established at the location of the signing, Montague. The King James III formally agreed to the treaty on the condition that a Parliment would be established. The Treaty ios Bourgeon came about as the settler's were approached by a number of different of tribes of the islands conquered. They'd heard about the pillaging from the settler's and didn't want their tribes to be burnt to the ground, and so instead decided to surrender themselves, before the attacks were made. Many other tribes upon hearing of the news, and the vast land and amount of people that the settler's now had, began to become worried. This was especially brought on by James III, who had decided that it was time to create a professional army, one which he led into battle a number of times. The Treaty was passed by the Council of eight (eight large tribes, including that of monten), to create one constituent state, with a government and military and the consequential unification of all those realms under a single monarch, James III. On July 17th, 1780, members made up the first parliment of Montenbourg. Upon the coronation of King Henry IV and the marrying with the first union with the royals of Italy Princess Catalina Taverini became Queen Katherine. Happened that Within a year of his coronation, King Henry IV died of cancer.This was the first time and only when a queen sadly make her not take the Throne because the royals think that was a corrupt of the lineage, argumenting that Italy wanted to take the Throne and break the lineage the Parliment and the royals decide to put on the Throne the king sister Catalina Bourgeon, became Queen Catalina the sole ruler of Montenbourg from the Monarchy. However, protest came up saying that was corruption from part of the Parliament who began to reduce the power of the Monarchy.

Misty Era

By 1862, the Monarchy was more ceremonial than anything. With King Edward I In 1867, the Prime Minister became the official head of state with the monarchy as a ceremonial leader only. Parliament opposed establishing a constitution, but rather, establish specific laws and call it the Code of Montenbourg. In 1900, Queen King Edward II died. Her daughter, Margarita would become Queen Margarita I . Queen Margarita was the first Monarch to work with Parliament to establish a constitution and create with the Prime Minister the Council of State. Upon her request, Parliament granted the Queen power to vote, and the power to veto, create a democratic country putting the Council of State where is the congress and senate, rulen by the Prime Minister.

Geography

Montenbourg covers 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), is a country in the region of Europe and shares a border with in eastern France, western Italy and southern Switzerland.

Climate

Temperature varies with the seasons seldom dropping below −11 °C (12 °F) or rising above 35 °C (95 °F).[113] The prevailing wind is from the south-west and bears frequent spells of mild and wet weather from the Atlantic Ocean

Administrative Divisions

The organisation of local government is complex, with the distribution of functions varying according to local arrangements. Legislation concerning local government is the responsibility of the MK parliament and the Government of the Montenbourg Kingdom. The upper-tier subdivisions are the nine Government office regions or European Union government office regions. One Province Strasbourg, has had a directly elected assembly and mayor since 2000 following popular support for the proposal in a referendum.It was intended that other regions would also be given their own elected regional assemblies, but a proposed assembly in the North East region was rejected by a referendum in 2004.

Politics

The Montenbourg Kingdom is a unitary state under a constitutional monarchy. King Lawrence I is the head of state of the MK as well as monarch of Seven other independent Commonwealth countries. The monarch has "the right to be consulted, the right to encourage, and the right to warn".The Montenboug Kingdom is one of only four countries in the world to have an Codified constitution. The Constitution of the Kingdom thus consists mostly of a collection of disparate written sources, including statutes, judge-made case law and international treaties, together with constitutional conventions. As there is no technical difference between ordinary statutes and "constitutional law", the MK Parliament can perform "constitutional reform" simply by passing Acts of Parliament, and thus has the political power to change or abolish almost any written or unwritten element of the constitution. However, no Parliament can pass laws that future Parliaments cannot change.

Government

The MK has a parliamentary government based on the Westminster system that has been emulated around the world: a legacy of the British Empire. The parliament of the Kingdom that meets in the Palace Parliment and Council Of State ; an elected House of Commons (Council of State) and an appointed House of Lords Of Montenbourg (Palace Parliment). All bills passed are given Royal Assent before becoming law. The position of prime minister, the MK's head of government, belongs to the member of parliament who can obtain the confidence of a majority in the House of Commons of Montenbourg, usually the leader of the largest political party in that chamber. The prime minister chooses a cabinet and they are formally appointed by the monarch to form Her Majesty's Government. By convention, the King respects the prime minister's decisions of government.

The cabinet is traditionally drawn from members of the Prime Minister's party in both legislative houses, and mostly from the House of Commons, to which they are responsible. Executive power is exercised by the prime minister and cabinet, all of whom are sworn into the Privy Council of the Kingdom, and become Ministers of the Crown. The Rt. Hon. William Anderson, leader of the Classic Monarchist Party, heads a coalition with the MK's Second party, the Liberatarian Party. Anderson has been Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service since 11 May 2010.[ For elections to the House of Commons, the MK is currently divided into 650 constituencies, each electing a single member of parliament by simple plurality. General elections are called by the monarch when the prime minister so advises. The Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949 require that a new election must be called no later than five years after the previous general election. The MK's Two major political parties are the Classic Monarchist Party, and the Libertarían Party. During the 2010 general election these two parties won 622 out of 650 seats available in the House of Commons.

Law

The Kingdom does not have a single legal system, as Article 19 of the 1706 Treaty of Union provided for the continuation of Naples separate legal system.Today the MK has three distinct systems of law: English law, Northern Ireland law and Scots law. The Appellate Committee of the House of Lords, The House of Lords, in addition to having a legislative function, historically also had a judicial function. It functioned as a court of first instance for the trials of peers, for impeachment cases, and as a court of last resort within the Montenbourg Kingdom. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, including the same members as the Supreme Court, is the highest court of appeal for several independent Commonwealth countries, the Overseas Territories and the Crown Dependencies.

The courts consisting of the Court of Appeal, the High Court of Justice (for civil cases) and the Crown Court (for criminal cases). The Royal Supreme Court is the highest court in the land for both criminal and civil appeal cases in any decision it makes is binding on every other court in the same jurisdiction, often having a persuasive effect in other jurisdictions.

Foreign Relations

The Mk is a permanent member of the World Assembly Security Council, The Council of Europe, and is a member state of the European Union. The MK is said to have a "Special Relationship" with the The Kingdom of Montenbourg and a close partnership with France—the "Entente cordiale"—and shares nuclear weapons technology with both countries. The MK is also closely linked with the Republic of Italy; the two countries share a Common Travel Area and co-operate through the Montenbourg-Italy Intergovernmental Conference and the Montenbourg-Italy Council. Montenbourg global presence and influence is further amplified through its trading relations, foreign investments, official development assistance and military engagements.

Military

The armed forces of the Montenbourg Kingdom – also known as Her Majesty's Armed Forces or the Armed Forces of the Crown. – consist of three professional service branches: the Naval Service (including the Royal Navy, Royal Marines and Royal Fleet Auxiliary), the Mountenbourg Army and the Royal Air Force. The forces are managed by the Ministry of Defence and controlled by the Defence Council, chaired by the Secretary of State for Defence.

According to various sources, including the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute and the Ministry of Defence, the Montenbourg Kingdom has the fourth-highest military expenditure in the world. Total defence spending currently accounts for around 2.3 – 2.6% of total national GDP. The Armed Forces are charged with protecting the MK and its overseas territories, promoting the MK's global security interests and supporting international peacekeeping efforts. Overseas garrisons and facilities are maintained in Ascension Island, Belize, Brunei, Canada, Cyprus, Diego Garcia, the Falkland Islands, Germany, Gibraltar, Kenya and Qatar.

Economy

The MK has a partially regulated market economy. Based on market exchange rates the MK is today the sixth-largest economy in the world and the third-largest in Europe after Germany and France, having fallen behind France for the first time in over a decade in 2008. HM Treasury, led by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, is responsible for developing and executing the Montenbourg government's public finance policy and economic policy. The Bank of Strasbourg is the MK's central bank and is responsible for issuing notes and coins in the nation's currency, the pound sterling. Banks in Naples and Triabunna retain the right to issue their own notes, subject to retaining enough Bank of Strasbourg notes in reserve to cover their issue. Monten Pound is the world's third-largest reserve currency (after the US Dollar and the Euro). Since 1997 the Bank of Strasbourg Monetary Policy Committee, headed by the Governor of the Bank of Strasbourg, has been responsible for setting interest rates at the level necessary to achieve the overall inflation target for the economy that is set by the Chancellor each year.

Religion

The Catholic Church the established church, its the Official Religion of Montenbourg.It retains a representation in the MK Parliament (House of Lords of Montenbourg) there are no MK-wide data in the 2001 census on adherence to individual Christian denominations, it has been estimated that 90% of Christians are Catholic, with small numbers of other Protestant denominations.

Education

Education in the Montenbourg Kingdom is a devolved matter, with each country having a separate education system. Whilst education in Montenbourg is the responsibility of the Secretary of State for Education, the day-to-day administration and funding of state schools is the responsibility of local authorities. Universally free of charge state education was introduced piecemeal between 1870 and 1944. Education is now mandatory from ages five to sixteen (15 if born in late July or August). In 2011, the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) rated 13–14-year-old pupils in England and Wales 10th in the world for maths and 9th for science. The majority of children are educated in state-sector schools, a small proportion of which select on the grounds of academic ability. Two of the top ten performing schools in terms of GCSE results in 2006 were state-run grammar schools. Despite a fall in actual numbers the proportion of children in Montenbourg attending private schools has risen to over 7%. In 2010, more than 45% of places at the University of Newcastle and 40% at the Bosco University were taken by students from private schools, even though they educate just 7% of the population. The universities of Montenbourg are among some of the top universities in the world; the University of Newcastle, the Bosco University , the University College Montague and Imperial College Monterini are all ranked in the global top 10 in the 2010 QS World University Rankings, with Bosco Ranked first.

Healthcare

Healthcare in theKingdom is a devolved matter and each country has its own system of private and publicly funded health care, together with alternative, holistic and complementary treatments. Public healthcare is provided to all MK permanent residents and is mostly free at the point of need, being paid for from general taxation. The World Health Organization, in 2000, ranked the provision of healthcare in the Montenbourg Kingdom as fifteenth best in Europe and eighteenth in the world.

Regulatory bodies are organised on a MK-wide basis such as the General Medical Council, the Nursing and Midwifery Council and non-governmental-based, such as the Royal Colleges. Each National Health Service has different policies and priorities, resulting in contrasts.

Culture

The culture of the Montenbourg Kingdom has been influenced by many factors including: the nation's island status; its history as a western liberal democracy and a major power; as well as being a political union of four countries with each preserving elements of distinctive traditions, customs and symbolism.

Famous Places:

-Royal Montague National Museum -The Royal Montenbourg Commons Parliment -The Royal Palace of Bourgeon -The Royal City Gardens -Arts Museum of Elena -Taverini Wall -Church or Lady of Smile -Royal Cathedral of Saint Lawrence -Church of Saint Nicholas -Royal Opera House -Royal Theatre -Montague Fortress -The Great Eagle Coat of Arms Clock

Cuisine

The growth of the railway in the late 19th century led to the capital becoming a focal point for immigration from France's many different regions and gastronomical cultures. As a result, cuisine in the city is diverse, and almost any cuisine can be consumed in the city, with over 9,000 restaurants.Hotel building was another result of widespread travel and tourism in the 19th century, especially Montague' late-19th-century World's Fairs. Of the most luxurious of these, the Hôtel Ritzon appeared in the Place Vendômine in 1898, and the Hôtel de Crayon opened its doors on the north side of the Place de la Verita, starting in 1909.

Theatre

The largest opera houses of Montague are the 19th-century Royal Opéra House a; the former tends towards the more classic ballets and operas, and the latter provides a mixed repertoire of classic and modern.Theatre traditionally has occupied a large place in Montenbourg culture. This still holds true today, and many of its most popular actors today are also stars of Montenbourg television.

Fashion

Montague is a global hub of fashion and has been referred to as the "international capital of style". It ranks alongside New York, Milan and London as a major centre for the fashion industry. Montague is noted for its haute couture tailoring, usually made from high-quality, expensive fabric and sewn with extreme attention to detail and finished by the most experienced and capable seamstresses, often using time-consuming, hand-executed techniques. The twice-yearly Montague Fashion Week, an apparel trade show, is one of the most important events on the fashion calendar and attracts fashion aficionados from all around the world. Established in 1976, the Montague Fashion Institute offers courses in design, manufacturing, marketing, merchandising, and retailing. International Fashion Academy Montague is an international fashion school, established in 1982 and headquartered in Monatgue, with branches in Shanghai and Istanbul.

Montague has a large number of high-end fashion boutiques, and many top designers have their flagship stores in the city, such as Isabel Mancerini's store, Marck Dioren's 1200 square foot store and Gimarie's 1500 square foot store. Montemps has the largest shoe and beauty departments in Europe.

Festivals

The earliest grand festival held on 14 July 1455 of Independence festival at the royal gardens. Since then many festivals have been held such as the 15 of March Festival of the Flowers in 1774, 18 of September the Festival of the Peace in 1793, the 6 of december festival of Saint Nicholas in 1794. On every anniversary of the kingdom the king speech and also the queen. The Royal day, a celebration of the storming of the royal family, is the biggest festival in the city, held every year on 31 January, This includes a parade of colourful floats and costumes along with armed forces march in the Royal Avenue which concludes with a display of fireworks. The Montague Beach festival known as the "Mont Plage" is a festive event, which lasts from the middle of July to the middle of August, when the bank of the River Rivere is converted into a temporary beach with sand and deck chairs and palm trees.