Nation/Zeleny Hrebenia
From NSWiki
Contents
Hrebenian Language
Vowels
Monophthongs
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u |
| Mid | ɛ | ɔ |
| Open | a |
- Vowel length is not phonemic. Word-final vowels are realized as long.
- Stress is on the first syllable.
Diphthongs
| Ending point | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Central | Back | |
| Unrounded | ɪ̯ɛ | ɪ̯a | ɪ̯u |
| Rounded | ʊ̯ɔ | ||
- All of the diphthongs are rising, i.e. their second elements have more prominence.
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | |||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | |
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | ||
| Affricate | voiceless | ts | tʃ | ||
| voiced | dz | dʒ | |||
| Continuant | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | x |
| voiced | v | z | ʒ | ɣ | |
| Lateral | plain | l | |||
| geminated | lː | ||||
| Tap | r | ||||
| Trill | rː | ||||
- Voiceless stops and affricates are unaspirated.
- Voiced stops and affricates are fully voiced.
- /t, d, t͡s, d͡z, s, z} are laminal [t̻, d̻, t̻͡s̻, d̻͡z̻, s̻, z̻].
- /l/ is either neutral [l] or velarized [ɫ].
- Short /r/ is most often a tap [ɾ].
- /v/ is realized as:
- Voiced fricative [v] in onsets before voiced obstruents;
- Voiceless fricative [f] in onsets before voiceless obstruents;
- Approximant [ʋ] in all other cases.
Some additional notes includes the following (transcriptions in IPA unless otherwise stated):
- /r, l/ can be syllabic: /r̩, l̩/.
- /m/ has the allophone [ɱ] in front of the labiodental fricatives /f/ and /v/.
- /n/ can be [ŋ] in front of the velar plosives /k/ and /ɡ/.
Stress
In the standard language, the stress is always on the first syllable of a word. Some speakers place additional stress on vowel-final codas.
