Difference between revisions of "Royal Carabinieri"

Republican Carabinieri Corps ; Arma dei Carabinieri Repubblicani
	; Heraldic symbol of the Carabinieri
Active	13 July 1814 - 8 May 1948; 29 July 1981 - Present
Country	Italian Social Republic
Type	Gendarmerie
Role	Permanent service of public security
Part of	Ministry of Defence; Ministry of Interior
Garrison/HQ	Rome, Italy
Motto	Nei Secoli Fedele; (Faithful throughout the centuries)
Commanders
Commandant-General	Benito Frusan
Insignia
Symbol

Revision as of 12:49, 31 March 2018

The Carabinieri (formally "Arma dei Carabinieri Repubblicani", "Republican Carabinieri Corps", ACR or CC) is the national gendarmerie branch of the public security services, the others being the Republican Police and the Coast Guard. Carabinieri were re-established in 1981 in a major overhaul of police services; differently from the past, all police services share the same awards and traditions. In particular, the Carabinieri have the main task of providing the bulk of personnel assigned to rural police duties.
The Carabinieri are also involved in international police missions as stand-alone gendarmerie force; when deployed abroad in conjunction with the M.V.S.N., the Carabinieri, as part of the police forces, maintain the leadership. The Carabinieri, with military status and in wartime part of the Armed Forces of the State, are articulated in three main branches: the Territorial Forces deployed in Provinces, the Specialized Units that are the CC-part for the Specialities of the PS Administration, and the Mobile Forces.
Alongside the Mobile Forces, the Corps has a territorial structure: it is stationed in every province, with its own officers, and placed under Quaestors, under the the overall command of the Chief of Police in Rome. The 110 Provincial Groups (Gruppi Provinciali), each commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel or, for important commands, by a Colonel, are organized in 21 Legions (Legioni), led by Brigadier Generals, which in turn are framed within 5 Inter-regional Commands, led by Major Generals; below the Provincial Command there are several Territorial Commands (Comandi Territoriali), in turn divided into Lieutenancies (Tenenze) and Stations (Stazioni). Each Provincial Group reports, for both preventive and repressive military police duties, to the relevant Army District Command, although it is not part of the Army; the Provincial MP section of the G.N.R. for Carabinieri is often merged with its Army counter-part. Despite its military legal status, the Carabinieri can be more accurately described as a paramilitary rather than a strategic force, neither geared nor equipped at large towards the fighting or winning of wars, but to its duties of protection of public security and where needs be, execution of armed services. However, some units do have military capabilities.

History

The Carabinieri is the result of two main events: the end of the Royal Carabinieri in 1948 and the main security reform in 1981. Between 1948 and 1981, the Republican Police Corps was the only stately security force in Italy and for 33 years it had provided all the operational personnel to the whole Public Security complex.

End of the Royal Carabinieri

Form its beginning, the newly-reorganized Republican Police Corps was chosen as favourite organization related to the Public Security, in the eyes of some P.N.F. leaders even surpassing the civilian Directorate-General. Between late days of October 1946 and the foundation of the National Republican Guard (occurred on October 28th, 1948), the Carabinieri underwent a series of major changes and reforms, in order to make them suitable for the planned merger with the most elite M.V.S.N. units. On November, 4th 1946, Carabinieri were separated from the new National Republican Army, and they were established as the Arm of the Republican Carabinieri (Arma dei Carabinieri Repubblicani), maintaining their widespread territorial structure. Major debates were held about the Carabinieri's ultimate destiny. Some Party and military leaders supported the general merger of all police and security apparatus in one Gendarmerie force; many others, however, supported the decision to split political and ordinary responsibilities.
In January 30rd, 1947 Mussolini appointed retired Field Army General Rodolfo Graziani as first Commandant General of the Republican Carabinieri; on March 4th, 1947 the new Regulation was enacted, as well as the new Republican oath of allegiance, and by the end of April the uniform changed, adopting the blackshirt. In the fall of 1947 began a significant personnel migration towards the Army.
The territorial structure was maintained, although a bit reduced: some city commands were transferred to the Republican Police Corps, while the rural stations were still kept open. On March, 23rd 1948, during a speech before a Carabinieri-M.V.S.N. joint exercise, Benito Mussolini told about the establishment of a new force, capable to keep traditions and to be a truly Fascist Republican apparatus. By May, 8th 1948, the transfer of the Carabinieri territorial structure and personnel to the Public Security apparatus was completed: officers could choose between the re-enlistment in the Army with the rank held, the enrolment as Public Security civilian officials, the direct transfer to the Republican Police Corps (within the increased operational needs) or the permanence within the National Republican Guard. A significant, but minor part (12%) chose to retire, while the bulk of officers (73%) chose to remain in service within the Armed Forces (especially the Republican Police Corps and the Army, but also in the Navy and in the Air Force; only a relatively minor part (15%) remained in the National Republican Guard.
However, Carabinieri were not officially disbanded; they were reduced to a cadre organization, with few C.P.R. officers designed to be the nucleus of a reformed organization. The on-paper survival of the Carabinieri was achieved thanks to an intense lobbying activity and to the presence of doubts and differing view within the ruling group of the new Republic.

C.P.R. as Carabinieri's heir

The characterization of the C.P.R. as the Carabinieri legitimate heir dates back to mid 1970s, when the Italian political elite began to deteriorate, and some policy-makers sought to strengthen both the morale and the legitimation of the police. On February 28th, 1978 then-Minister of National Defence Giovanni Spadolini and then-Minister of Interior, Francesco Cossiga, made a joint speech, where the Carabinieri's War Flag was declared the national insignia of the Republican Police Corps. The following day all awards and decorations awarded to the Arm of Carabinieri as a whole (Decorazioni alla Bandiera) were officially transferred to the Corps. Together Carabinieri's awards, the C.P.R. inherited also their ethics and traditions, as well as the dual budgetary links with the Interior Ministry (for police operations) and with the Defence Ministry (equipment, personnel, barracks and facilities).

1981 security reform onwards

Carabinieri and Coast Guard as separate corps were re-established in 1981 in a major overhaul of police services; differently from the past, all police services share the same awards and traditions, and in turn share most of them with the other Armed Forces. In 1981 the whole security apparatus was reorganized; the re-establishment of the Carabinieri (from the small group formally tasked to give birth again to the Arma) greatly affected the Republican Police Corps, which was deprived of all its rural stations and bodies, including the former State forestry Corps and of a relevant chunk of its mobile and special forces. The C.P.R. however managed to mantain the overall unity and superiority over all the military forces tasked with police duties; the Republican Guard of Finance also remained within the urban police.

Organization

The corps is headed by the Command, consisting of the Commandant-General of Carabinieri, the Deputy Commandant-General and the Chief of Staff, all located in Rome. The Chief of Staff directs, coordinates and supervises all activities of the force.
The Carabinieri are organised on a territorial basis for law-enforcement missions. The territorial organization represents the core of the institution; it contains 85 percent of the force and is organized hierarchically in five inter-regional, 19 regional and 110 provincial commands. Outside the territorial organization, there are the Mobile Units Division, which in turn controls the 1st Carabinieri Mobile Brigade, the Forestry Units Division, the Inspectorate Units Division and the Raggruppamento Operativo Speciale (framed within the Central Operational Section).

Territorial organization

The main and foremost focus of Carabinieri is the territorial organization, aiming to be present in every inhabited centre. The operational focus is the Provincial Group, which is further subdivided into Detachments, Companies, Lieutenancies and Stations; on the other hand, the Provincial Group is framed within Legion and Inter-Regional Commands.
In order to ensure a direct and costant surveillance of the territory, alongside the Interregional Directorates, there are 5 Carabinieri Interregional Commands having the same boundaries: these Commands are tasked with personnel general management with the same responsibilities of the Interregional Directorates, as well as training co-ordination of the Legions and administrative support. In case of war, they report to their relevant Army Corps. Each Interregional Command is considered a Division command and it is led by a Major General. Current Divisions are:

1st Division "Pastrengo" (established in 1936): HQs in Milan and in charge for Lombardy, Piedmont and Savoy, Liguria and Aosta Valley;
2nd Division "Podgora" (established in 1936): HQs in Rome and in charge for Tuscany, Lazio, Marche, Umbria, Corsica and Sardinia;
3rd Division "Ogaden" (established in 1939): HQs in Naples and in charge for Campania, Basilicata, Apulia, Molise and Abruzzo;
4th Division "Polizia dello Stretto" (established in 1991): HQs Messina and in charge for Calabria and Sicily; the 4th C.P.R. Division was established by splitting the 3rd Division.
5th Division "Vittorio Veneto" (established in 1991): HQs in Padua and in charge for Trentino-Alto Adige, Emilia and Romagna, Veneto, Friuli and Venezia Giulia; the 5th C.P.R. Division was established by splitting the 1st Division.

Such Interregional Commands are led by officers belonging to Carabinieri or to C.P.R. on a rotationary base; whoever is the commander, he is assisted by a Carabinieri Brigadier General and a C.P.R. Brigadier General, as well as by a Chief of Staff (of the oopposite corps). Therefore in any case there are four generals in each Interregional Command, two from the Carabinieri and two from the C.P.R.
At regional level, Carabinieri are framed within the Carabinieri Legions; each regional command is led by a Brigadier General belonging to Carabinieri or to C.P.R. on a rotationary base; whoever is the commander, he is assisted by a Carabinieri Colonel and a C.P.R. Colonel, as well as by a Chief of Staff (of the oopposite corps). Their responsibilities include mainly logistics support and other functions; Legion commanders, upon particular task that the General-Inspector or the Commandant-General is to entrust to them, also provide the coordination of the Carabinieri activities in the territory of the subordinate commands, in the allocation of their personnel, for extraordinary tasks, for special military, public security or public order requirements, if necessary in conjunction with the military authorities or with the competent Prefect and Quaestor.

Provincial Group

The Provincial Group (Italian: Gruppo Provinciale) has responsibility in an administrative province and exercises the command, direction, coordination and control of subordinate units. The Group has the responsibility of analyzing and fitting of operational activities and criminal law-enforcement in the province also conducted by specialized units. On the Provincial Group it depend the Departments (It: Reparti) and the Judiciary and Services Unit. A Detachment may be a Territorial Department (Reparto Territoriale), grouping Companies in a given part of the Province with scaler organ functions, or may be a Functional Department (Reparto Funzionale), usually headquartered in the provincial capital, in charge of central services. Below the Provincial Group there are the local commands: Companies, which organize Stations and, in larger provincial centers, Lieutenancies. While Companies carry on autonomous existence and operations, both Lieutenancies and Stations are scaler commands, with limited capablities.
In every Province there are at least the Operational Department (Reparto Operativo), which groups the Patrol Car Unit, the Informmation Unit, the Investigative Unit and the Section of Judicial Police; there may be a variable number of Territorial Detachments and Companies. The Provincial Group Commander is usually a Lieutenant Colonel, but in more inhabited provinces the Commander may be a Colonel or even a Brigadier General (only in Rome).

Companies

Companies are the territorial Carabinieri garrisons. With the exception of command functions and duties, alongside with particular authorizations they cannot enact, they carry out almost the same role of the Provincial Group within the detective and investigation activities.
Companies in the municipalities that are not provincial capitals flank the local Commissariat of Public Security. In general, there is one Company by District, while Lieutenancies are one per Mandment: however, in particular cases, the rule could be ignored. In every Company there is an Operational Nucleus and an Information Nucleus and an Autopatrol Detachment, belonging to the Autopatrol Squad, responsible for primary patrolling tasks.
The Commander of each Company must ensure and provide order and tranquility of the people within its jurisdiction. For this purpose, the commander maintains frequent contact with the Provincial Group. The reports concerning the judicial sphere are also sent to the local Chief Prosecutor, while those of purely political nature are also sent to the Prefect. The action of the Commander focuses mainly on the monitoring of people dedicated to laziness and vagrancy, as potential serious offenders. Officers who could command a Captaincy are Lieutenent Colonel (very large Companies, usually in charge of co-ordinating some other small Companies as well as in charge of the local Territorial Detachment), Major (average Companies) or Captain (small or less important Companies).

Mobile Units Division

The Carabinieri Mobile Units Division (Divisione Carabinieri Unità Mobili, officially shortened in D.U.M. CC.) is a Division-level command which controls the 1st Carabinieri Mobile Brigade and other units specialized in military-type missions. Currently, C.C. Mobile units are:

Carabinieri Cavalry Squadrons Group (head-quartered in Rome): it is organized into three Squadrons (based in Cagliari, Palermo and Bari) and used in order to reinforce public order services as well as for operations in rural areas;
5 Paratrooper Carabinieri Counter-guerilla Battalions (head-quartered in Cagliari, Vibo Valentia, Naples, Rome and Milan);
1st Carabinieri Mobile Brigade: HQs in Naples, led by a Carabinieri Brigadier General, in charge for Celere units based in Naples (I Carabinieri Mobile Battalion), in Bari (II Carabinieri Mobile Battalion), in Catania (III Carabinieri Mobile Battalion), in Palermo (IV Carabinieri Mobile Battalion), in Reggio Calabria (V Carabinieri Mobile Battalion) and in Taranto (VI Carabinieri Mobile Battalion).

Forest environmental and food protection Units Division

The Carabinieri Forest, environmental and agri-food protection Units Division (Divisione Unità per la Tutela Forestale, Ambientale e Agroalimentare, officially shortened in D.U.Tu.F.A.AG.), also known as Forestry Corps (Corpo Forestale) is the Carabinieri Division-level command tasked with environmental police functions. Although it operationally depends on the Ministry of Environment, it is not framed within the Inspectorate Units Division because of its sheer dimensions and of the importance in the territorial control which the Division fullfils.
The Division, alongside central administrative offices, has three important elements which operate at the national level: Central Investigative Unit of environmental and forest police; Central Forest Fire Investigative Unit; Central Ecological Operations Unit.

Peripheral organization

The peripheral organizational structure of the Division is quite complex. At the regional level there are 21 Legion Environmental Commands (Comando Ambientale di Legione, led by Lieutenants Colonels or Colonels) which link territorial structures to Divisional commands. Each Legion Environmental Command has a Food and Agricolture Investigative Team (Squadra Investigativa Agro-alimentare, S.I.A.A.), which is primarily active in the field of prevention of fraud and of the food chain control, and cooperates with the SIPAF for police investigations, and an Ecological Operations Unit (Nucleo Operativo Ecologico, N.O.E.).
At the provincial level are the Provincial Environmental Detachments (led by Majors or Captains). In addition to the offices in charge of the administration, the Provincial Environmental Detachments have a Investigative Team of Environmental and Forestry Police (Squadra Investigativa di Polizia Ambientale e Forestale, S.I.P.A.F.) that deals with all criminal investigations in the environmental field. The Division is further divided into commands Forestry Station, which depend hierarchically from the Provincial Environmental Detachments. Forestry Stations are normal Police stations but have additional tasks.

ROS

The ROS (Raggruppamento Operativo Speciale or Special Operational Group) is an elite unit founded in 1990 to deal with organised crime (Mafia and others), subversive activities, terrorism and more complex types of crime. An anti-crime section is found in every city and district public prosecutor's office.

Special Public Security Command

The Carabinieri Public Security Special Units Command (Italian: Comando Carabinieri Unità Speciali per la Pubblica Sicurezza) or shortly as CCUSPS, is the domestic special forces unit of the Carabinieri. It has several missions which include counter-terrorist actions, underwater operations, hostage rescue, riot control, and other high-threat criminal actions. Members of the unit receive extensive training at the Police Schools and also from selected Army instructors. The Command is Regiment-sized (four Battalion-sized Groups) and depends only on the Carabinieri General Command; it is to note that the Command lies outside the Mobile Units Division, because its units are employed in confidential missions unrelated to the public order protection. All companies work under the direction of the Police and Carabinieri regional commands to which they are assigned, but can also receive tasking from Rome.

Carabinieri Special Operations Group

The Carabinieri Special Operations Group (Italian: Gruppo Carabinieri Operazioni Speciali) or GOS, is the special operations unit of the Carabinieri. It has several missions which includes search and destroy, infiltration and reconnaissance actions. Members of the unit receive extensive training at the Carabinieri School and also from selected Army instructors. All three companies work under the direction of the Army regions to which they are assigned, but can also receive tasking from their headquarters in Rome.

Uniforms

Paratrooper Carabinieri Officers in Parade Winter Service Uniform (Uniforme di Servizio Invernale 3, S.I. 3) presenting the Flag.

The Carabinieri have a variety of uniforms. During the performance of the service and in military sites or otherwise destined to the service are required to wear the uniform, unless otherwise provided.

Civilian clothing

The General Regulations of the Carabinieri gives the Officers the right to wear civilian clothes when they consider it necessary to gather information or to make confidential or delicate inquiries. The Company or Lieutenancy Commanders may authorize the dependent personnel, as individuals and when the wearing of uniform can be a hindrance to the success of the service, to wear civilian clothes only for the time necessary for the conduct of the service.
Personnel authorized to wear civilian clothes in non-operational services, in choice of apparel and accessories must comply with aesthetic criteria of sobriety, dignity and elegance. Male personnel can wear a classic cut day dress consisting of jacket and pants, one colour (preferably dark blue or dark gray), always with a tie. Female personnel can wear a classic cut suit consists of jacket and skirt or pants, one colour (preferably dark blue or dark gray).
Civilian clothes worn off duty must always be dignified and sober and have no distinctive or characteristic uniform accessories. Military personnel in active service are permitted to wear the uniform off duty in non-military sites. Student Carabinieri cannot wear civilian clothes off duty.

Headgear

All Carabinieri personnel may wear the black rigid cap, regardless any distinction of rank or position. The black rigid cap consists of rod, curtainsider, visor, chinstrap, leather inner band, ribbed band (for the troops), black with scarlet thread at the edges, cover with silver buttons and reproducing the Carabinieri flame.
While all Carabinieri personnel wear the black rigid cap, some units and formations are entitled to wear also alternative headgears, mostly berets:

Maroon beret: Paratrooper Carabinieri Counter-guerilla Battalions;
Black beret: Carabinieri Cavalry Squadrons Group and 1st Carabinieri Mobile Brigade;
Green beret: Forest environmental and food protection Units Division.

Winter Ordinary uniform

When provided the use of the Winter Ordinary Uniform (Uniforme Ordinaria Invernale, O.I.), Officers wear a black rigid cap with damask band and red profiling, a black jacket, black trousers, a white shirt with pockets and shoulder boards, a fiber polyamide strap with red profiling, black tie, waterproof coat, black stockings, black gloves and black flat shoes. The gun is carried under the brim of the jacket. The Winter Ordinary Uniform is expected to be worn on service within the military facilities, outside, to direct the various institutional services or to carry out inspections and control and out of service.
The Officers' Great Winter Uniform (Grande Uniforme Invernale, G.U.I.) is the Winter Ordinary Uniform with some modifications. It differs from Winter Ordinary Uniform for adding red scarf and decorations (metal signs, plaques and groups) and sabre with pendants and lanyard (without pistol).

Summer Ordinary uniform

The Officers Summer Ordinary Uniform (Uniforme Ordinaria Estiva, O.E.) consists of black rigid cap, black jacket, blacks trousers, white shirt with pockets and shoulder boards, black tie, black socks, black flat shoes and black waterproof coat. The handgun is carried under the brim of the jacket. The Summer Ordinary Uniform is expected to be worn on service within the military facilities, outside, to direct the various institutional services or to carry out inspections and control and out of service.
The Officers' Great Summer Uniform (Grande Uniforme Estiva, G.U.E.) is the Summer Ordinary Uniform with some modifications. It differs from Summer Ordinary Uniform for adding red scarf and decorations (metal signs, plaques and groups) and sabre with pendants and lanyard (without pistol).

Winter Service Uniform

The Winter Service Uniform (Uniforme di Servizio Invernale, S.I.), for Officers, consists of black rigid cap with damask band and red profiling, black jacket and pants, white shirt with pockets and shoulder boards, black tie, black socks, black windbreaker (for units that use them), black flat shoes and black belt with shoulder strap and black holster. The belt is not worn when the Officer directs the various institutional services, or carry out inspections and control.
The Operational Winter Service Uniform (Uniforme di Servizio Invernale 2, S.I. 2) differs from uniform of winter service for adding a dark blue sweater inverted neck, jacket, black belt with shoulder and ankle holster and combat boots if necessary. This uniform is worn under the command of military employees in the services for which it is expected the same uniform (Public Order Services, search parties, roundups). Special versions are available. With regard the Officers frequently called to direct Public Order related services related to events on snow and ice, in locations with winter climates, the uniform consists of winter baseball cap, blue sweater inverted neck, windbreaker with heavy internal lining, snow boots, low-temperature gloves and blue balaclava.
The Parade Winter Service Uniform (Uniforme di Servizio Invernale 3, S.I. 3) differs from Winter Service Uniform for adding a black belt with no shoulder holster with double stripe pants, jackboots, red scarf, decorations and white gloves and sabre with pendants and lanyard instead of the gun. Officers who parade in Parade Winter Service Uniform on wheeled vehicles are with guns instead of sabre with black belt, shoulder strap and holster black; Officers who in parade in Speciality Uniform, Camouflage Uniform or Public Order Uniform are with guns instead of sabre with with polyamide fiber belt and holster.

Summer Service Uniform

The Officers Summer Service Uniform (Uniforme di Servizio Estiva, S.E.) consists of black rigid cap, blue short-sleeved shirt, blacks trousers, black socks, black flat shoes, black shoulder belt with a black holster. This uniform is rarely worn by officers, only in most hot climates.

Winter Ceremony Uniform

The Officers' Winter Ceremony Uniform (Uniforme da Cerimonia Invernale, Ce.I.) consists of black rigid cap with damask band and red profiling, black double-breasted jacket with six buttons and trousers of the same fabric and colour, white shirt with the collar upturned limp, black silk long tie, small ribbons, long black stockings and black flat shoes, white leather gloves, cloak of black cloth.
The Winter Evening Uniform (Uniforme da Sera Invernale, Se.I.) differs for the black bow tie; the Winter Mess Dress Uniform (Uniforme da Società invernale, So.I.) consists of the Winter Ceremony Uniform with white dicky shirt, white collar with upturned tips, black silk bow tie, reduced decorations. With the addition of the red scarf, the Winter Mess Dress Uniform becomes the Winter Gala Uniform (Uniforme da gala invernale, Ga.I.)
The Great Winter Ceremony Uniform (Grande Uniforme da Cerimonia Invernale, G.U.Ce.I.) differs from Winter Ceremony Uniform for the addition of reduced decorations, the sabre with pendants and lanyard and red scarf.

Operational Uniform

The Officers' Blue Operational Uniform (Uniforme Operativa in tessuto turchino, Op.t.) consists of blue beret, blue polar fleece complete, thermal undersuit, blue t-shirt with the Carabinieri arms, blue neckerchief with red edging, blue fabric uniform with red profiling, black strap with red profiling, black leather gloves, black sponge stockings and black combat boots. The uniform is completed by the polyamide fiber belt with cassetted holster, handcuff case, magazine loader and gun. With the windbreaker, the belt is worn over it. The use of the Uniform for Officers is provided in training, in search parties and roundups, in the various services within the barracks for which there is no provision for ordinary or service uniforms, in services carried out by K-9 squads, with addition of knee-high rubber boots in case of waterlogged ground and in the activities of the special units. With the addition of riot helmet, riot shield and personal protection, the Blue Operational Uniform is used for public order services.
The Camouflage Operational Uniform consists of maroon beret, green skullcap, polychromatic baseball cap, polychromatic jump uniform, polychromatic jungle cap, polychromatic balaclava, polychromatic net scarf, olive green operational bodice, green fleece suit, polychromatic windbreaker with polychromatic laminate fabric chaps, blue inverted neck sweater, olive green shirt, black swat gloves, black leather gloves with reinforced palm, polychromatic gloves for low temperatures, black combat boots, black jump boots, bayonet and dagger. Accessories include the helmet, when expressly provided, commando vest/eagle tac vest and green belt with pistol holster quick release, handcuffs case, magazine loader, spring lace. This is the Officers' uniform for Counter-Guerilla units but also for wartime missions.

Rank insignia

Carabinieri ranks and insignia
Carabinieri rank	Sottotenente	Tenente	Capitano	Maggiore	Tenente Colonnello	Colonnello	Generale di Brigata	Generale di Divisione	Generale di Corpo d'Armata
English translation	Under Lieutenant	Lieutenant	Captain	Major	Lieutenant Colonel	Colonel	Brigadier General	Major General	Lieutenant General
Corresponding Army rank (Italian)	Sottotenente	Tenente	Capitano	Maggiore	Tenente Colonnello	Colonnello	Generale di Brigata	Generale di Divisione	Generale di Corpo d'Armata
Corresponding Army rank (British)	Second Lieutenant	Lieutenant	Captain	Major	Lieutenant Colonel	Colonel	Brigadier	Major General	Lieutenant General
Shoulder board insignia

Carabinieri Subofficers ranks and insignia
Carabinieri rank	Maresciallo	Maresciallo Capo	Maresciallo Maggiore
English translation	Marshal	Chief Marshal	Marshal Major
Corresponding Army rank (Italian)	Maresciallo	Maresciallo Capo	Maresciallo Maggiore
Corresponding Army rank (British)	Warrant Officer Class Two	Warrant Officer Second Class	Warrant Officer First Class
Shoulder board insignia

Carabinieri Enlisted ranks and insignia
Carabinieri rank	Carabiniere	Carabiniere Scelto	Appuntato	Appuntato Capo	Vicebrigadiere	Brigadiere
English translation	Carabineeer	Carabineer First Class	Appointee	Chief Appointee	Deputy Sergeant	Sergeant
Corresponding Army rank (Italian)	Soldato	Caporale	Caporale maggiore	Caporale Capo	Sergente	Sergente Maggiore
Corresponding Army rank (British)	Private	Lance Corporal	Corporal	Sergeant	Staff Sergeant	Staff Sergeant (senior echelon)
Sleeve insignia	No insignia
Shoulder board insignia

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