Difference between revisions of "University in Italy"
O Barrayar o (Talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Higher education''' in Italy is mainly provided by a large network of public and state-affiliated universities. State-run universities of Italy are under the supervision of...") |
O Barrayar o (Talk | contribs) m |
||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
* Superior graduate schools, which focus only on postgraduate education. | * Superior graduate schools, which focus only on postgraduate education. | ||
| − | + | == Autonomy of the universities == | |
The individual courses are structured by the universities autonomously, with the Ministry's address and control. On the basis of the information received, it is up to the university regulations to define the value in terms of training credits, various subjects, the exact denomination of the degree programs, the characteristics of the final exam. | The individual courses are structured by the universities autonomously, with the Ministry's address and control. On the basis of the information received, it is up to the university regulations to define the value in terms of training credits, various subjects, the exact denomination of the degree programs, the characteristics of the final exam. | ||
| − | + | == Structure == | |
The course of university education is governed by R.D. June 4, 1938, no. 1269 and subsequent amendments and additions. The Degree (Italian: ''Laurea'') can be obtained at the end of a four, five or six year study cycle depending on the discipline studied. The fundamental characteristic of the Fascist University is that it is conceived and designed to be attended only by the intellectual elite of the nation. | The course of university education is governed by R.D. June 4, 1938, no. 1269 and subsequent amendments and additions. The Degree (Italian: ''Laurea'') can be obtained at the end of a four, five or six year study cycle depending on the discipline studied. The fundamental characteristic of the Fascist University is that it is conceived and designed to be attended only by the intellectual elite of the nation. | ||
| Line 22: | Line 22: | ||
Every year for every course, three examinations are scheduled for the summer session (June to August), three in the autumn session (September to November), one or two in the winter session (February). The difficulty of exam is protected because the widespread orientation is to think that a difficult exam helps the student to commit to give the best, spurring him to study in depth and never take something for granted. | Every year for every course, three examinations are scheduled for the summer session (June to August), three in the autumn session (September to November), one or two in the winter session (February). The difficulty of exam is protected because the widespread orientation is to think that a difficult exam helps the student to commit to give the best, spurring him to study in depth and never take something for granted. | ||
| − | + | == Courses classes == | |
The Courses classes in Italy are groupings, identified with ministerial decrees, of the courses of study of Italian universities. The common educational objectives consist of a range of University Credits distributed in scientific-disciplinary sectors defined at national level by class tables, while the universities are partly free to determine, in the ordering of their courses, the distribution of the remaining credits. For the purposes of professional qualifications, public competitions and legal recognition, different courses belonging to the same degree group are considered equivalent. In 2015, there were 69 Degree Classes: | The Courses classes in Italy are groupings, identified with ministerial decrees, of the courses of study of Italian universities. The common educational objectives consist of a range of University Credits distributed in scientific-disciplinary sectors defined at national level by class tables, while the universities are partly free to determine, in the ordering of their courses, the distribution of the remaining credits. For the purposes of professional qualifications, public competitions and legal recognition, different courses belonging to the same degree group are considered equivalent. In 2015, there were 69 Degree Classes: | ||
* Class of Degrees in Biotechnology; | * Class of Degrees in Biotechnology; | ||
| Line 100: | Line 100: | ||
== Superior Graduate Schools == | == Superior Graduate Schools == | ||
The Superior Graduate School (''Scuola Superiore Universitaria'') offer recognized national and international titles, including the ''Diploma di Perfezionamento'' equivalent to a Doctorate, ''Dottorato di Ricerca'' i.e. Research Doctorate or Doctor Philosophiae i.e. Ph.D. and are recognized by the Ministry of National Education as autonomous. There are three Superior Graduate Schools with "university status", three institutes with the status of Doctoral Colleges, which function at graduate and post-graduate level. | The Superior Graduate School (''Scuola Superiore Universitaria'') offer recognized national and international titles, including the ''Diploma di Perfezionamento'' equivalent to a Doctorate, ''Dottorato di Ricerca'' i.e. Research Doctorate or Doctor Philosophiae i.e. Ph.D. and are recognized by the Ministry of National Education as autonomous. There are three Superior Graduate Schools with "university status", three institutes with the status of Doctoral Colleges, which function at graduate and post-graduate level. | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
==List of universities== | ==List of universities== | ||
Revision as of 17:43, 3 May 2018
Higher education in Italy is mainly provided by a large network of public and state-affiliated universities. State-run universities of Italy are under the supervision of Italian's Ministry of National Education. There is also a number of private universities and state-run post-secondary educational centres providing a vocational instruction.
All Degrees require for enrollment to hold a high school diploma or an equivalent qualification; most degrees are at nationwide programmed access. The title that comes with the degree is that of Doctor. The qualification allows the enrollment of trade registers, allows access to the first and second level masters and, in general, the inclusion in high-skilled workplaces.
Universities in Italy can be divided into 4 groups:
- State-funded public universities: this category comprises most of Italian university, particularly the largest institutions.
- Universities funded by other public authority (other than the state, such as Provinces).
- Private universities officially recognized by the Ministry of National Education.
- Superior graduate schools, which focus only on postgraduate education.
Contents
Autonomy of the universities
The individual courses are structured by the universities autonomously, with the Ministry's address and control. On the basis of the information received, it is up to the university regulations to define the value in terms of training credits, various subjects, the exact denomination of the degree programs, the characteristics of the final exam.
Structure
The course of university education is governed by R.D. June 4, 1938, no. 1269 and subsequent amendments and additions. The Degree (Italian: Laurea) can be obtained at the end of a four, five or six year study cycle depending on the discipline studied. The fundamental characteristic of the Fascist University is that it is conceived and designed to be attended only by the intellectual elite of the nation.
University Credits
Degree programs include a variable number of exams, in turn evaluated in University Credits (Credito Universitario; one Credit for 30 hours of required work, both lessnons and studying). Each year of the course consists of no less than 60 University Credits, but often much more. University credit (often abbreviated in C.U.) is a method used in Italian universities to measure the student's workload required. Each university exam is associated with a number of Credits, which estimate the required engagement; conventionally 1 credit is 30 hours of personal work (regardless of whether this is done as a personal study or as a frequency at labs or lessons). Graduation usually requires 60 Credits per year (240 Credits for the four-year cycle). Formative credits can only be acquired by passing exams.
Courses
In order to be admitted to any university course, the student must have passed the Upper Middle School Diploma of the correct type. Most courses are Nationwide Programmed Access Courses (Corsi ad Accesso Programmato a Livello Nazionale, C.A.PRO.LI.N., usually referred to as "Corsi CAPROLIN" i.e. "CAPROLIN Courses"). Admission to CAPROLIN Courses is possible as a result of the passing of specific general education tests, which the Ministry of Education defines modes and contents.
Usually, lessons begin on the first week of November and run for 32 weeks ("annual" courses, actually 8 months), 28 weeks ("semester" courses, actually 7 months), or 14 weeks ("quarterly" courses). Courses are complex and rigorous, exam is generally difficult.
Each exam is strictly composed of the written test and the oral examination (after passing the written test). The Examination Boards are composed of three, five or seven members each, of whom at least the President must be an Ordinary Professor. The vote is expressed on a scale ranging from 0 to 30. To pass the exam, 18 is the minimum vote, while "30&Lode" is the maximum vote. If the Examination Board is composed of 3 members, each member expresses his/her personal evaluation in tenths. The final vote is composed of the sum of the three partial votes. If the Examination Board is composed of five or seven members (combined exams only), each member expresses his/her own vote on the scale from 0 to 30. In this case, the final vote is composed of the mathematical average of the votes. In all cases, the Lode is granted by the Presiding professor.
Every year for every course, three examinations are scheduled for the summer session (June to August), three in the autumn session (September to November), one or two in the winter session (February). The difficulty of exam is protected because the widespread orientation is to think that a difficult exam helps the student to commit to give the best, spurring him to study in depth and never take something for granted.
Courses classes
The Courses classes in Italy are groupings, identified with ministerial decrees, of the courses of study of Italian universities. The common educational objectives consist of a range of University Credits distributed in scientific-disciplinary sectors defined at national level by class tables, while the universities are partly free to determine, in the ordering of their courses, the distribution of the remaining credits. For the purposes of professional qualifications, public competitions and legal recognition, different courses belonging to the same degree group are considered equivalent. In 2015, there were 69 Degree Classes:
- Class of Degrees in Biotechnology;
- Class of Degrees in Biology;
- Class of Degrees in Geography;
- Class of Degrees in Geology;
- Class of Degrees in Mathematics;
- Class of Degrees in Physics;
- Class of Degrees in Natural Sciences;
- Class of Degrees in Food Sciences;
- Class of Degrees in Astronomy;
- Class of Degrees in Aerospace and Astronautical Engineering;
- Class of Degrees in Medical Engineering;
- Class of Degrees in Chemical Engineering;
- Class of Degrees in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering;
- Class of Degrees in Safety Engineering;
- Class of Degrees in Telecommunications Engineering;
- Class of Degrees in Electrical Engineering;
- Class of Degrees in Electronic Engineering;
- Class of Degrees in Energy and Nuclear Engineering;
- Class of Degrees in Computer Engineering;
- Class of Degrees in Naval Engineering;
- Class of Degrees in Engineering for the environment and the territory;
- Class of Degrees in Science and Materials Engineering;
- Class of Degrees in Industrial Design;
- Class of Degrees in Civil Engineering;
- Class of Degrees in Environmental Engineering;
- Class of Degrees in Information Engineering;
- Class of Degrees in Territorial Planning;
- Class of Degrees in Construction Engineering;
- Class of Degrees in Architecture;
- Class of Degrees in Philosophy;
- Class of Degrees in Ancient Letters;
- Class of Degrees in Modern Literature;
- Class of Degrees in History;
- Class of Degrees in Languages;
- Class of Degrees in Cultural Anthropology and Ethnology;
- Class of Degrees in Archeology;
- Class of Degrees in Librarianship;
- Class of Degrees in Philology;
- Class of Degrees in Tourism Sciences;
- Class of Degrees in conservation of cultural heritage;
- Class of Degrees in History of Art;
- Class of Degrees in Administration and Organization Sciences;
- Class of Degrees in Political Sciences;
- Class of Degrees in Sociology;
- Class of Degrees in Defense and Security Sciences;
- Class of Degrees in Criminological and Security Sciences;
- Class of Degrees in Jurisprudence;
- Class of Degrees in Social Service and Social Policies;
- Class of Degrees in Business Administration;
- Class of Degrees in Economics;
- Class of degrees in actuarial and financial statistics;
- Class of Degrees in Economics and Finance;
- Class of Degrees in Pedagogy;
- Class of Degrees in Communication Sciences;
- Class of Degrees in Psychology;
- Class of Degrees in Forest Sciences and Technologies;
- Class of Degrees in Agricultural Sciences and Technologies;
- Class of Degrees in Chemistry;
- Class of Degrees in Pharmacy and Industrial Pharmacy;
- Class of Degrees in Computer Sciences and Technologies;
- Class of Degrees in Zootechnics;
- Class of Degrees in Linguistics;
- Class of Degrees in Medicine and Surgery;
- Class of Degrees in Veterinary Medicine;
- Class of Degrees in Dentistry;
- Class of Degrees in Applied Mathematics;
- Class of Degrees in Religious Studies;
- Class of Degrees in Computer Security;
- Class of Degrees in Specialized Translation and Interpreting.
Professional higher education
Higher education in Italy is mainly covered by universities and superior graduate schools, with almost no professional or vocational school following the secondary education. This is considered a weak point of the Italian post-secondary education.[8] However, Italian system provides a few vocational schools and courses. There are two main vocational paths after having obtained a secondary degree: those courses called "Higher technical training and education" (Istruzione e Formazione Tecnica Superiore, I.Fo.T.S.), and the "Higher technical institutes" (Istituti Tecnici Superiori, I.Te.S.).
I.Fo.T.S. were established in the late 1990s and are managed on regional basis by the relevant Corporatist Council. An IFTS course lasts between 1 and 2 years and it is usually strictly connected with a secondary school specialised in the same field of studies. I.Te.S. courses, created in 2000, last 2 years and are managed by a secondary institute in collaboration with local universities or institutions.
Superior Graduate Schools
The Superior Graduate School (Scuola Superiore Universitaria) offer recognized national and international titles, including the Diploma di Perfezionamento equivalent to a Doctorate, Dottorato di Ricerca i.e. Research Doctorate or Doctor Philosophiae i.e. Ph.D. and are recognized by the Ministry of National Education as autonomous. There are three Superior Graduate Schools with "university status", three institutes with the status of Doctoral Colleges, which function at graduate and post-graduate level.
List of universities
| Name | Original name | Headquarters | Public/private | Students | Est. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Bari | Università degli Studi di Bari | Bari | public | 51,167 | 1925 |
| Polytechnic University of Bari | Politecnico di Bari | Bari | public | 10,101 | 1990 |
| University of Sannio | Università del Sannio | Benevento | public | 6,320 | 1998 |
| University of Bologna | Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna | Bologna | public | 77,691 | 1088 |
| University of Food Sciences | Università degli Studi di Scienze Alimentari | Bra | corporation | 260 | 2004 |
| University of Brescia | Università degli Studi di Brescia | Brescia | public | 14,466 | 1982 |
| University of Cagliari | Università degli Studi di Cagliari | Cagliari | public | 28,415 | 1606 |
| University of Camerino | Università di Camerino | Camerino | public | 25,415 | 1336 |
| University of Molise | Università degli Studi del Molise | Campobasso | public | 7,735 | 1982 |
| University of Cassino | Università degli Studi di Cassino | Cassino | public | 8,990 | 1979 |
| University of Catania | Università degli Studi di Catania | Catania | public | 50,080 | 1434 |
| D'Annunzio University of | Università degli Studi "Gabriele D'Annunzio" di Pescara | Pescara | public | 29,980 | 1960 |
| University of Ferrara | Università degli Studi di Ferrara | Ferrara | public | 15,803 | 1391 |
| University of Florence | Università degli Studi di Firenze | Florence | public | 50,173 | 1321 |
| University of Foggia | Università degli Studi di Foggia | Foggia | public | 9,683 | 1999 |
| University of Genoa | Università degli Studi di Genova | Genoa | public | 33,659 | 1481 |
| University of Salento | Università degli Studi del Salento | Lecce | public | 20,110 | 1955 |
| University of Macerata | Università degli Studi di Macerata | Macerata | public | 9,837 | 1290 |
| University of Messina | Università degli Studi di Messina | Messina | public | 28,143 | 1548 |
| University of Milan | Università degli Studi di Milano | Milan | public | 93,047 | 1924 |
| Polytechnic University of Milan | Politecnico di Milano | Milan | public | 40,833 | 1863 |
| Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore | Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore | Milan | private | 37,560 | 1921 |
| University of Modena and Reggio Emilia | Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia | Modena, Reggio Emilia | public | 19,931 | 1175 |
| University of Naples Federico II | Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" | Naples | public | 83,542 | 1224 |
| University of Naples of Oriental Studies | Università degli Studi di Napoli "L'Orientale" | Naples | public | 10,163 | 1732 |
| Suor Orsola Benincasa University of Naples | Università degli Studi Suor Orsola Benincasa - Napoli | Naples | private | 8,898 | 1864 |
| University of Padua | Università degli Studi di Padova | Padua | public | 82,317 | 1222 |
| University of Palermo | Università degli Studi di Palermo | Palermo | public | 46,074 | 1806 |
| University of Parma | Università degli Studi di Parma | Parma | public | 26,540 | 1117 |
| University of Pavia | Università degli Studi di Pavia | Pavia | public | 21,965 | 1361 |
| University of Perugia | Università degli Studi di Perugia | Perugia | public | 24,962 | 1308 |
| University of Pisa | Università degli Studi di Pisa | Pisa | public | 50,114 | 1343 |
| Scuola Normale Superiore | Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa | Pisa | public | 1810 | |
| Potenza University | Università degli Studi di Potenza | Potenza | public | 7,716 | 1982 |
| University of Reggio Calabria | Università degli Studi "Mediterranea" di Reggio | Reggio Calabria | public | 5,651 | 1968 |
| University of Corenza | Università di Cosenza | Cosenza | public | 31,724 | 1972 |
| Sapienza University of Rome | Sapienza Università di Roma | Rome | public | 137,507 | 1303 |
| Foro Mussolini University of Rome]] | Università degli Studi di Roma "Foro Mussolini" | Rome | public | 2,177 | 1998 |
| Corporative University of Rome | Università Corporativa di Roma | Rome | private | 7,853 | 1974 |
| Marconi University | Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi | Rome | public | 15,633 | 2004 |
| University of Sassari | Università degli Studi di Sassari | Sassari | public | 13,561 | 1562 |
| University of Siena | Università degli Studi di Siena | Siena | public | 16,580 | 1240 |
| University of Trento | Università degli Studi di Trento | Trento | public | 16,682 | 1962 |
| University of Trieste | Università degli Studi di Trieste | Trieste | public | 16,996 | 1924 |
| University of Turin | Università degli Studi di Torino | Turin | public | 64,457 | 1404 |
| Politecnico di Torino | Politecnico di Torino | Turin | public | 29,255 | 1859 |
| University of Urbino | Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo" | Urbino | public | 13,588 | 1506 |
| Ca' Foscari University of Venice | Università "Cà Foscari" di Venezia | Venice | public | 18,868 | 1868 |
| Iuav University of Venice | Università Iuav di Venezia | Venice | public | 5,016 | 1926 |
| Tuscia University | Università degli Studi della Tuscia | Viterbo | public | 7,336 | 1979 |
Directorate General for University Education
The Directorate General for University Education (Italian: Direzione Generale per l'Istruzione Universitaria) carries out the functions of management and control of general university education and higher education. The organization deals with the planning and planning of the university system, with the functions of direction, supervision and coordination, with the provision of regulations and funding of universities and institutions of high artistic education. The Directorate General directs the orientation of incoming and outgoing university students, disciplines and directs access systems and training paths. In addition, the Directorate General is constantly in touch with the General Directorates of Classical Education and Teaching in order to facilitate the connection between schools and the university.
In order to accomplish these tasks, the Directorate-General is subdivided into two Central Offices and four Divisions, grouping in turn 21 Offices.
- Central Office I - General Affairs and Planning
- Central Office II - Data management and support activities
- Division I - Institutional Relations
- Office I - Supporting regulatory coordination activities in matters pertaining to the Management.
- Office II - Control of statutes and general regulations of Universities and Institutes of Higher Education
- Office III - inisterial appointments
- Office IV - Relations with the Ministry of Corporations
- Division II - Plans
- Office I - Institution and accreditation of higher education institutions operating on national territory.
- Office II - Multi-year programming
- Office III - Resources allocation plan
- Division III - University Professors
- Office I - National competitions
- Office II - Local contract control
- Office III - Foreign careers assessment
- Office IV - Disciplinary Commissions for the Confirmation of Professors
- Office V - Granting national scientific approval.
- Office VI - Direct national contracts
- Office VII - Professors emeritus and degrees honoris causaam.
- Office VIII - Social security
- Division IV - Students and Courses
- Office I - Regulations and didactic arrangements
- Office II - Accreditation of university courses
- Office III - Recognition of foreign qualifications
- Office IV - Protection of academic titles
- Office V - Certification of Italian academic qualifications abroad.
- Office VI - Access to closed number courses
