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Angola (/ænˈɡoʊlə/ (About this soundlisten); Portuguese: [ɐ̃ˈɡɔlɐ]), officially the Republic of Angola (Portuguese: República de Angola; Kikongo, Kimbundu and Umbundu: Repubilika ya Ngola), is a west-coast country of south-central Africa. It is the seventh-largest country in Africa, bordered by Namibia to the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Zambia to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Angola has an exclave province, the province of Cabinda that borders the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The capital and largest city of Angola is Luanda.
Republic of Angola República de Angola (Portuguese) Flag of Angola Flag {{{coat_alt}}} Emblem Motto: Virtus Unita Fortior (Latin) (English: "Virtue is stronger when united") Anthem: "Angola Avante" (English: "Onwards Angola")
Location of Angola (dark blue) in the African Union (light blue) Location of Angola (dark blue) in the African Union (light blue) Capital and largest city Luanda 8°50′S 13°20′E Official languages Portuguese Co-official languages Kikongo Kimbundu Umbundu Ethnic groups (2000) 36% Ovimbundu 25% Ambundu 13% Bakongo 22% other African 2% Mestiço 1% Chinese 1% European Demonym(s) Angolan Government Unitary dominant-party presidential constitutional republic • President João Manuel Gonçalves Lourenço • Vice President Bornito de Sousa Legislature National Assembly Formation • Portuguese colonization 1575 • Independence from Portugal, under Communist rule 11 November 1975 • United Nations full membership 22 November 1976 • Current constitution 21 January 2010 Area • Total 1,246,700 km2 (481,400 sq mi) (22nd) • Water (%) negligible Population • 2014 census 25,789,024[1] • Density 20.69/km2 (53.6/sq mi) (199th) GDP (PPP) 2018 estimate • Total $198.821 billion[2] (64th) • Per capita $6,850[2] (107th) GDP (nominal) 2018 estimate • Total $112.533 billion[2] (61st) • Per capita $4,101[2] (91st) Gini (2009) 42.7[3] medium HDI (2017) Increase 0.581[4] medium · 147th Currency Kwanza (AOA) Time zone UTC+1 (WAT) Driving side right Calling code +244 ISO 3166 code AO Internet TLD .ao Although inhabited since the Paleolithic Era, what is now Angola was molded by Portuguese colonisation. It began with, and was for centuries limited to, coastal settlements and trading posts established starting in the 16th century. In the 19th century, European settlers slowly and hesitantly began to establish themselves in the interior. The Portuguese colony that became Angola did not have its present borders until the early 20th century because of resistance by groups such as the Cuamato, the Kwanyama and the Mbunda.
After a protracted anti-colonial struggle, independence was achieved in 1975 as the Marxist–Leninist People's Republic of Angola, a one-party state supported by the Soviet Union and Cuba. The civil war between the ruling People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the insurgent anti-communist National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), supported by the United States and South Africa, lasted until 2002. The sovereign state has since become a relatively stable unitary, presidential constitutional republic.
Angola has vast mineral and petroleum reserves, and its economy is among the fastest-growing in the world, especially since the end of the civil war; however, the standard of living remains low for most of the population, and life expectancy in Angola is among the lowest in the world, while infant mortality is among the highest.[5] Angola's economic growth is highly uneven, with most of the nation's wealth concentrated in a disproportionately small sector of the population.[6]
Angola is a member state of the United Nations, OPEC, African Union, the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, and the Southern African Development Community. A highly multiethnic country, Angola's 25.8 million people span tribal groups, customs, and traditions. Angolan culture reflects centuries of Portuguese rule, in the predominance of the Portuguese language and of the Catholic Church.
