History of Scotatrova

The history of Scotatrova dates all the way back to Classical Antiquity. Over the course of the 1st millennium BC the Rodraiths established colonies on the Mediterranean coast. The Second Osfenar Empire invaded and annexed southern Scotatrova as the province of Alfaraz in the mid-6th century. After the completion of the centuries-long reconquest from the Osfenars concluding in 1227, Scotatrova emerged as a unified country in the mid-15th century following the merge of the Avarian and Cadecian crowns into the Kingdom of Scotatrova. The late 15th, 16th and early 17th century were dominated by expansion (1445-1510), religious civil wars between Chritians, Jews and Muslims (1493-1502), Scotatrovian victory in the Contact War (1490-1510) and the devastating Scotatrovian Hundred Year War (1512-1612). In the 17th century, Scotatrova became one of history's first global colonial empires, becoming one of the world's major economic, political and military powers and it's global influence grow immensely over the next three centuries, leaving a vast cultural and linguistic legacy that includes over 1 billion Scotatrovian speakers. After the monarchy was disposed in 1842, the first democratic but unstable Republic of Scotatrova was established, later being superseded by the fascist authoritarian regime of the National Scotatrovian Republic. Democracy was restored after the Scotatrovian Civil War in 1915 and the modern Scotatrovian People's Republic was born.

Early History

Prehistory and pre-Rodraic Peoples (1,000 BC – 601 BC)

The largest groups inhabiting the Roaseran peninsula before the Rodraic conquest were the native Roaserans. The Roaserans inhabited the Mediterranean side of the peninsula, from the northeast to the southeast and much of the inner and Atlantic sides of the peninsula, from the northwest to the southwest. Ancient Vulrans occupied the western area of the Pyrenees mountain range and adjacent areas. A number of cities were founded along the coast by the ancient Tarazedians, and trading outposts and colonies were established in the East. Eventually, the Tarazedians expanded inland towards the meseta, however due to the bellicose inland tribes the Tarazedians got settled in the coasts of the Roaseran peninsula.

Rodraic Settlement (601 BC – 165)

Roughly between and 601 and 596 BC, the Rodraic empire expanded from North Africa and captured Tarazedian trading colonies along the Mediterranean coast. They settled all along the eastern coast and made their way inland over time. The peoples whom the Rodraiths met at the time of their invasion were the Roaserans, inhabiting an area stretching from the northeast part of the Roaseran peninsula through the southeast. The first major colony they had established is located in the modern day city of Ordium before other colonies were established towards the interior of the Roaseran peninsula and founded the modern capital city of Muse. The Rodraic Roaseran Wars were fought between the advancing legions of the Rodraiths and the tribes of Roaserans from 593 to 582 BC. The Rodraic conquest of the peninsula was completed in 579 BC.

Hescettgovas was the name used for Scotatrova under Rodraic rule. The populations of the peninsula were gradually culturally Rodrenized at different rates depending on what part of Hescettgovas they lived in, and local leaders were admitted into the Rodraic aristocratic class. The peninsula's economy expanded under Rodraic tutelage. Hescettgovas served as a granary for the Rodraic market, and its harbors exported gold, wool, olive oil, and wine. Agricultural production increased with the introduction of irrigation projects, some of which remain in use. The Rodraiths improved existing cities, such as Engium, and established others like Muse, Ursand, Oleria, Osir, Amar and Promethia. The centuries of uninterrupted Rodraic rule and settlement left a deep and enduring imprint upon the culture of Scotatrova. Scotatrova's present languages and the basis of its laws originate from this period.

Altherian Scotatrova (165 – 539)

The Altherian Kingdom conquered all of Hescettgovas and ruled it until the 6th century, when the peninsula fell to the Osfenar conquests. The Osfenar state in Hescettgovas came to be known as Alfaraz. After a period of Osfenar dominance, the medieval history of Scotatrova is dominated by the long Age of Vanquishment of the Roaseran peninsula from Osfenar rule. The Age of Vanquishment gathered momentum during the 11th century, leading to the establishment of the Christian kingdoms of Ourenta, Avaria and Cadecia and by 1213, had reduced Osfenar control to the south-east of the peninsula. Osfenar rule survived until 1227, when it fell to the christian kingdoms.

Importantly, Hescettgovas never saw a decline in interest in classical culture. The Altherians, having assimilated Rodraic culture during their tenure, tended to maintain more of the old Rodraic institutions, and they had a unique respect for legal codes that resulted in continuous frameworks and historical records for most of the period between 165, when Altherian rule in Hescettgovas began, and 539, when it is traditionally said to end. The proximity of the Altherian kingdoms to the Mediterranean and the continuity of western Mediterranean trade, though in reduced quantity, supported Altherian culture.

The Altherians inherited from Late Antiquity a sort of feudal system in Hescettgovas, based in the south on the Rodraic villa system and in the north drawing on their vassals to supply troops in exchange for protection. The bulk of the Altherian army was composed of slaves, raised from the countryside. The loose council of nobles that advised Scotatrova's Altherian kings and legitimized their rule was responsible for raising the army, and only upon its consent was the king able to summon soldiers.

The impact of Altherian rule was not widely felt on society at large; they tended to rule as barbarians of a mild sort, uninterested in the events of the nation and economy, working for personal benefit, and little literature remains to us from the period. They did not, until the period of Osfenar rule, merge with the Scotatrovian population, preferring to remain separate, and indeed the Altherian language left only the faintest mark on the modern languages of Scotatrova.

The most visible effect was the depopulation of the cities as they moved to the countryside. Even while the country enjoyed a degree of prosperity, the Altherians felt little reason to contribute to the welfare, permanency, and infrastructure of their people and state. This contributed to their downfall, as they could not count on the loyalty of their subjects when the Osfenars arrived in the 8th century.

Osfenar Alfaraz and the Age of Vanquishment (539 – 1227)

The Osfenar conquest of Scotatrova was the expansion of the Second Osfenar Empire over Hescettgovas, largely extending from 539 to 583. The conquest resulted in the destruction of the Altherian Kingdom and the establishment of the State of Osphenian Alfaraz, or Ausfonaïle-Alfaraz, under Abdaile Quentyn III. The conquest marks the westernmost expansion of Osphen into Europe. Hescettgovas was, but the westernmost tip of the Second Osfenar Empire. In 548, the emperor even considered abandoning the territory. Only a handful of new small Christian realms managed to reassert their authority across the faraway mountainous north and west of the peninsula.

Forces commanded by Alçert Zürez disembarked in early 539 at the head of an army consisting almost exclusively of Osfenar (south eastern Europe). Alçert Zürez led an approximately 1,700-strong raiding force from North Africa to southern Scotatrova. However, 12,000 seems a more accurate figure. The people of Alfaraz did not observe them, thinking that the vessels crossing and recrossing were similar to the trading vessels which for their benefit plied backwards and forwards. They defeated the Altherian army, led by King Ivan, in a decisive battle at Cavada in 540. Zürez's forces were then reinforced by those of his superior, Beleraphon Délirer, and both took control of most of Hescettgovas with an army estimated at approximately 10,000–15,000 combatants.

In 542, Beleraphon Délirer headed west to overrun the western regions with no relevant or attested opposition. During the period of the second Minister Ali Sokmen of Bokat (542-544), the principal urban centers of Cadecia surrendered. In 542, he advanced and overran Celetor, the western Eparogish regions, Malhada, and as far west as Oleria or Osir, where an Osfenar governor was appointed with no relevant or attested opposition. The northern areas of the kingdoms drew little attention to the conquerors and were hard to defend when taken. At this time, Osfenar troops reached Zanandea, and the Cadecian town submitted after a compromise was brokered with Osfenar commanders to respect the town and its inhabitants, a practice that was common in many towns. The Osfenar troops met little resistance. Considering that era's communication capabilities, three years was a reasonable time spent reaching western Eparoge, after making the necessary arrangements for the towns' submissions and their future governance.

An early governor of Ausfonaïle-Alfaraz, Meira Cetin, spread the rule of the Second Osfenar Empire up to southern borders of Eparoge, and the western half of the peninsula, pacifying most of the territory and initiating in 545 the first forays across the Pyrenees. In addition, she laid out the foundations of Osfenar civil administration in Alfaraz, by sending civil administration officials (judges) to conquered towns and lands guarded by garrisons established usually next to the population nuclei. Moreover, Meira restored lands to their previous Christian landowners, which may have added greatly to the revenue of the Osfenar governors. The task of establishing a civil administration in conquered Alfaraz was essentially completed by the governor Sana Demirbas 10 years later.

Rebellions swept Alfaraz under Trayanos Kélin's term as governor. Reinforcements were then called from the other end of the Mediterranean in a military capacity. The rebellions were quelled in blood, and the Osfenar commanders came up reinforced after 570. Different factions reached an agreement to alternate in office, but this didn't last long, since Milanos Mopatis (opposed to the Osfenars) remained in power up to his defeat by Ali Kemal Sherif in 584, and the establishment of the independent Province of Alfaraz.

In 584, south and central Alfaraz (Muse, Amara) were in the hands of Ali Kemal Sherif, but it took still 25 years for him to hold sway over the Upper Marches. By the mid-10th century Alfaraz was the only Osfenar realm in Scotatrova, which would last until 1227. Despite the decline in Osfenar-controlled kingdoms, it is important to note the lasting effects exerted on the peninsula by the Osfenar in technology, culture, and society. By 866, Alfaraz lost ground to the Christian realms in the north, with the loss of Atlona in 913 being a major victory for the Christian realms. By 1213, nearly all of Hescettgovas was back under Christian rule with the exception of the Mediterranean coast, and was finally recaptured in 1227.

Early Modern

Scotatrovian Language and Universities (1227 – 1424)

In the 13th century, many languages were spoken in the Christian kingdoms of Hescettgovas. These were the languages of Scotatrovian, Avarian, Cadecian and Vulran. Throughout the century, Scotatrovian gained a growing prominence in the Kingdom of Avaria as the language of culture and communication, at the expense of Avarian and of other close dialects. At the same time, Cadecian and Vulran became the standard languages in their respective territories, developing important literary traditions and being the normal languages in which public and private documents were issued. Many universities were founded in Avaria and in Elejalde. They were among the earliest universities in Europe. In the 14th century, the most important among all of the separate Christian kingdoms that made up the old Hescettgovas were the Kingdom of Avaria (occupying northern and central portions of the Roaseran peninsula) and the Kingdom of Elejalde (occupying northeastern portions of the peninsula). The rulers of the kingdoms of Avaria and Elejalde were allied with dynastic families in other neighboring kingdoms.

Dynastic Union (1424 – 1443)

The death of King Manuel V of Avaria in 1424 set off a struggle for power called the War of the Avarian Succession (1425–29). Contenders for the throne of Avaria were Manuel's one-time heir Juliana I, supported by the Kingdom of Cadecia and by the Avarian nobility, and Manuel's half-sister Sybil of Avaria, supported by Apfrenna and Eparoge. Juliana retained the throne and ruled jointly with her husband, King Alexander IV of Cadecia. Juliana and Alexander had married in 1429. Their marriage united both crowns and set the stage for the creation of the Kingdom of Scotatrova, at the dawn of the modern era. That union, however, was a union in title only, as each region retained its own political and judicial structure. Pursuant to an agreement signed by Juliana and Alexander on September 24, 1443, Juliana held more authority over the newly unified Scotatrova than her husband, although their rule was shared. Together, Juliana of Avaria and Alexander of Cadecia were known as Lí Amliges "The Monarchs".

Birth of a Kingdom (1443 – 1512)

The monarchs oversaw the conquest of the archipelagos of Gana and the Romosea Islands. Although until the 13th century religious minorities (Jews and Muslims) had enjoyed considerable tolerance in Avaria and Cadecia – the only Christian kingdoms where Jews were not restricted from any professional occupation – the situation of the Jews collapsed over the 15th century, reaching a climax in 1493 with large scale massacres in every major city. This became known as The Scotatrova Wars of Religion. The war, primarily fought between the Roman Catholics and the Jews and Muslims, came to a close after monarch Eric I issued the Edict of Ordium in 1502. Before Scotatrova was caught in it's religious civil war, the kingdom continued on with its conquest of neighboring kingdoms and was at war with the Kingdom of Eparoge in 1482 after defeating and absorbing the Kingdom of Apfrenna in 1475. With Eparoge's eventual defeat in 1487, contact with Aelvenia had occurred as a result of Scotatrovian expansion in the late 1480's. Eventually, both nations come to a dispute over their shared border and Scotatrova eventually declared war on July 18, 1490.

This became known as the Contact War, which concluded with a Scotatrovian victory and cession of Aelvenian lands under the Treaty of Ugion on February 17, 1510. The treaty provided that the Aelvenian territory conquered by Scotatrova throughout the war was to be ceded to the Kingdom of Scotatrova, and that Aelvenia was to pay a war indemnity of 1 billion Scotatrovian corunas, submitting to occupation by Scotatrovian troops until the amount was rendered in full. This heavy obligation was eventually discharged in September 1513, and during the same month, after an occupation of almost three years, Aelvenia was at last freed of Scotatrovian soldiers. The Scotatrovian defeat of Aelvenia upset the European balance of power that had existed and Scotatrova maintained great authority in international affairs for the decades to come. Aelvenian determination to regain the lost territory and fear of another war, along with apprehension about the balance of power, became factors in the causes of the Aelvenian-Scotatrovian War. During the war in 1508, King Eric allowed the Southern region of Scotatrova, referred to as Salonisti, to become it's own autonomous region and exercise their right to self-government with limits. Salonisti was left alone as Scotatrova fought a war in the North, but expansionist and nationalist ideals led to an invasion of Scotatrova on March 26, 1512, which began the Scotatrovian Hundred Year War.

Scotatrovian Hundred Year War (1512 – 1612)

The Scotatrovian population suffered much from the war. It has been argued that the difficult conditions the Scotatrovian population suffered during the Scotatrovian Hundred Year War awakened Scotatrovian nationalism. Although this is debatable, the Scotatrovian Hundred Year War is remembered more as a war against a sovereign entity than as a civil war. During this war, Scotatrova evolved politically and militarily. The war began in 1512 with the infamous and successful "Siege of Muse".

The siege ended in failure for the Scotatrovian nation, and the aristocracy fled north for Agon, hours before the official surrender came. Although the Scotatrovian army was successful at the Battle of Zanandea (1521), the humiliating defeats of Muse (1512) and Atlona (1514) forced the Scotatrovian nobility to realize they could not stand just as armored knights without an organised army. Salonisti began to advance south to southern Scotatrova and eastward toward the rest of the nation. Forty years into the Hundred Year War, the Salonisti Navy attacked southern Scotatrova, which at that time was full of prosperous settlements. Their first attacks included the bombardment of cities such as Viratis and Saluto, and several villages, but they later restricted their attacks to less costly surprise raids. Forces across the south fought the Salonistan invaders and Salonisti adopted a policy of eradicating Scotatrovian forces from the South entirely, taking all prisoner. Southern Scotatrova remained weak and the victim of constant raids throughout most of the war. King Brendan I (reigned 1583-1615) defeated Salonisti once at Sumanthal (1589) and again, using cannons at Arcano (1593). Scotatrova also managed to repel yet another attempted Aelvenian invasion in 1609. The Battle of Eras (1612) was regarded as the last engagement of this "war", yet much of Scotatrova remained ruled by Salonisti.

While Salonistan forces clashed with Scotatrova in Eras, they were equally matched. While forces kept fighting, Scotatrovian forces hijacked a Salonistan vessel in their armada docked in the bay and rammed it into other ships, sacrificing themselves in the manner, they successfully destroyed the fleet as the armada was in the midst of panic and chaos as the Scotatrovian navy arrived. The fall of the Salonisti Armada is said to be the final engagement of the war, with Salonisti unable to continue the war effort. With the loss of Eras and the fall of their armada, the remaining Salonistan armies found themselves unable to continue the war effort, leaving Scotatrova victorious. After the end of the Hundred Year War, Scotatrova slowly recovered from the disaster and a period in which tensions between Aelvenia and Scotatrova were at their peak became known as "The Three Centuries of Aggression".

Imperial Scotatrova (1612 – 1723)

The period of the 17th to the mid-18th century is known as "the Golden Age of Scotatrova". Scotatrova came across an imperial reality without finding profits at the beginning. With the Hundred Year War completed in the Roaseran peninsula, Scotatrova soon began to expand beyond the borders of Europe. The Scotatrovian Empire was one of the first modern global empires. It was also one of the largest empires in world history. Scotatrovian imperial conquest and colonization began with an expedition to North Africa in 1615. 34,000 troops landed in North Africa on April 28, 1615. The Scotatrovians continued to conquer the region for years until completion in 1635. As Scotatrova expanded into North Africa, it was hindered by a large flu outbreak in 1629. It was first described in medical journals as early as 1622. The initial outbreak began in Atlona in May of 1629 and there was previous smaller outbreaks in and around the city before it was officially noticed. It is unknown where or when exactly the virus originated. Health officials reported it may have infected people as early as February. The territories of the Romosea Islands, Neal Isles and Gana were also affected. An approximate 400,000 - 700,000 people were killed in the plague. By 1637, the empire had recovered and reached the Southern coast of Africa and the Americas in 1640.

After the successful settlements created in Africa, the crown had set its sight on the far east. Eager to set out and find new lands, the Kingdom of Scotatrova granted expansive power to Captain Damián Berrocal, including exploration, settlement, political power, and revenues, with sovereignty reserved to the Crown. The first permanent European settlements in the New World were established in Atzlana's Gulf coast. Settlement in the New World was based on a pattern of a large, permanent settlements with the entire complex of institutions and material life to replicate Scotatrovian life in a different venue. Although Berrocal staunchly asserted and believed that the lands he encountered were in Asia, the paucity of material wealth and the relative lack of complexity of indigenous society meant that the Kingdom of Scotatrova initially was not concerned with the extensive powers granted to Berrocal. As new areas were conquered and significant Scotatrovian settlements were established, likewise other courts were established. Following the settlement of coastal Atzlana and the island of Rosario, Europeans began searching elsewhere to begin new settlements, since there was little apparent wealth and the numbers of indigenous were declining. Those from the less prosperous Rosario were eager to search for new success in a new settlement.

Scotatrova started to invest in America with the creation of cities, because Scotatrova was in America due to religious reasons. Matters began to change in the 1640s with the large-scale extraction of silver from the rich deposits of Atzlana's Sagre region, but it was the opening of the silver mines in Atzlana's Melagro and in modern-day Andenes in 1664 that became legendary. The imports of silver and gold contributed to inflation in Scotatrova and Europe from the last decades of the 17th century. The vast imports of silver also made local manufactures uncompetitive and ultimately made Scotatrova overly dependent on foreign sources of raw materials and manufactured goods. The nobility spent the Scotatrovian and American riches in wars across Europe on behalf of Scotatrovian interests, and declared moratoriums (bankruptcies) on their debt payments several times. With the death of Alexander VII of Scotatrova, his son became Diego I of Scotatrova in 1661. The overseas lands claimed by Scotatrova in the New World proved to be a source of wealth and the crown was able to assert greater control over its overseas possessions in the political and religious spheres than was possible in the Roaseran peninsula or in Europe. The conquests of the Yoxumá Empire and the Lacsha Empire brought vast indigenous civilizations into the Scotatrovian Empire and the mineral wealth, particularly silver, were identified and exploited, becoming the economic lifeblood of the crown.

Further Scotatrovian settlements, deemed Departments (Quasimes) were progressively established in the New World: Gramercy (Department of Viana, now present day Whitmore) in the 1650's, Mal Paso in 1653 as the capital of the Department of Andenes, Marenas (Department of the Teír ç’Orri, later Alhandria) in 1654, and Mena eh'Iheus (Department of Maragua) in 1659. Flaurita was also colonized in 1664, however, the colony was abandoned by 1668. The colony of Ñove Dalera (New Dalera) was founded at the mouth of the Mississauga River in 1713, which would later become a haven for slaves and criminals from the Ergonian North American colonies until the territory was relinquished by the 1730's. Following the pattern established in Scotatrova during the Christian reconquest of Osfenar Scotatrova, and in the Caribbean, the first European settlements in the Americas, conquerors divided up the indigenous population in private holdings and exploited their labor. Central Atzlana and later the Lacsha Empire of Andenes gave Scotatrova vast new indigenous populations to convert to Christianity and rule as vassals of the crown. By the time Diego died, the crown expanded its global claims and defended existing ones in the Americas. Transpacific explorations had resulted in Scotatrova claiming Antalanga and the establishment of Scotatrovian settlements and trade with Atzlana. The Department of Atzlana was given jurisdiction over Antalanga, which became the entrepôt for Asian trade. Scotatrova dealt with Ergonian encroachment on Scotatrova's maritime control in the Americas.

Scotatrova in the 18th and 19th Century

Aelvenian-Scotatrovian War (1723 – 1749)

The Aelvenian-Scotatrovian War was by far the largest of the conflicts in the Three Centuries of Aggression and lasted from 1723-1749. Aelvenia claimed lands along the Scotatrovian border, to which Scotatrova refused to accept as true. Prolonged intransigence on these issues led Scotatrova to declare war on Aelvenia on August 28, 1723. In October 1723, an Aelvenian army invaded Scotatrova, only to be rebuffed in December. Subsequently Aelvenia made several invasions of Scotatrova by land, but Scotatrova secured mastery of the seas and decisively destroyed an Aelvenian fleet in the North Sea in May 1725. Aelvenia suffered reverses and internal strife, while new Scotatrovian armies counterattacked, repelled the invaders, and advanced beyond Scotatrova. 1732 brought increased success to the Scotatrovian armies. A major victory against Aelvenian forces at the Battle of Ribeke gained all of Lotheria for Scotatrova.

After seizing the area in a surprise attack, Scotatrova established the Republic of Lotheria as a puppet state. Scotatrovian and Aelvenian forces met in July 1738 at the savage and indecisive Battle of Weser, which left behind between 30,000–50,000 casualties. By mid 1745, Scotatrova's total forces in Aelvenia numbered about 250,000. The Lotherian Republic furnished Scotatrovian king Pedro I with a good amount of forces. During the last months of 1747 and 1748, Aelvenia fought a series of battles but was steadily forced back against overwhelming odds. Finally, peace was concluded with the Treaty of Agon in 1749, which stated that the old boundaries before the war would stay that way, and Scotatrova gave the Lotherian Republic its independence. The Ergonians, who became Scotatrova's main source of competition after the defeat of Aelvenia, led invasions of many Scotatrovian colonies in Asia and competition for commercial interests in Africa and South America.

Decline of the Empire (1749 – 1842)

The majority of Scotatrovian Americans continued to support the idea of maintaining a monarchy under Alexander X, but did not support retaining absolute monarchy. Scotatrovian Americans wanted self-government. The juntas in the Americas did not accept the government of Scotatrova. A long period of wars followed in America from 1817 to 1837. In the Department of Atzlana, free-thinking secular priest, Simón Cambeiro, declared Atzlanan freedom in 1817. Independence was actually won in 1821. The conservative Catholic hierarchy in Atzlana supported Atzlanan independence. The Department of Granados declared independence in 1821 and merged with Atzlana (from 1821 to 1826), but they chose their own path when Atzlana became a republic in 1826. In South America this period of wars led to the independence of Maragua (1823), Alhandria (1824), Whitmore (1825), Andenes (1837) including Constancia (1833) and Rosario (1837) in the Caribbean. By the end of the wars, Bialya, Kosombo, Catemba, Betanga and Marobo remained as Scotatrovian territory in Africa and Antalanga and Sirawak in Asia.

The Scotatrovian Empire left a huge linguistic, religious, political, cultural, and urban architectural legacy in its former colonies. An important cultural legacy of the Scotatrovian empire overseas is Roman Catholicism, which remains the main religious faith in Scotatrovian America, Africa and Asia. Christian evangelization of indigenous peoples was a key responsibility of the crown and a justification for its imperial expansion. Although indigenous were considered neophytes and insufficiently mature in their faith for indigenous men to be ordained to the priesthood, the indigenous were part of the Catholic community of faith. Not until after their independence in the nineteenth century did Scotatrovian American republics allow religious toleration of other faiths. Observances of Catholic holidays often have strong regional expressions and remain important in many parts of the Hescettgovian world. The long colonial period in Scotatrovian America resulted in a mixing of indigenous peoples, Europeans, and Africans that were classified by race and hierarchically ranked, favoring white Europeans. The Scotatrovian Empire laid the foundations of a truly global trade by opening up the great trans-oceanic trade routes and the exploration of unknown territories and oceans for the western knowledge.

Modernization

Scotatrovian First Republic (1842 – 1910)

The establishment of the Republic of Scotatrova was the result of a coup d'état which, on December 18, 1842, deposed the constitutional monarchy and established a republican regime in Scotatrova. The loss of much of it's empire, the royal family's expenses, the power of the Church, the political and social instability, an apparent inability to adapt to modern times – all contributed to an unrelenting erosion of the Scotatrovian monarchy. The proponents of the republic, particularly the Advancement Party, found ways to take advantage of the situation. The Advancement Party presented itself as the only one that had a program that was capable of returning to the country its lost status and place Scotatrova on the way of progress. Political ideologies were intensely polarized, as both right and left saw vast evil conspiracies on the other side that had to be stopped.

The central issue was the role of the Catholic Church, which the left saw as the major enemy of modernity and the Scotatrovian people, and the right saw as the invaluable protector of Scotatrovian values. Under the First Scotatrovian Republic, women were allowed to vote in general elections for the first time in 1884. The Republic devolved substantial autonomy to the overseas territories of Gana, the Romosea Islands and Neal Isles. Economic turmoil, substantial debt, and fractious, rapidly changing governing coalitions led to escalating political violence and attempted coups by right and left. In 1896, the Christian Democratic Party won power. An armed rising of workers in October 1897, which reached its greatest intensity in Casturas and Cadecia, was forcefully put down by the government. This in turn energized political movements across the spectrum in Scotatrova, including a revived anarchist movement and new reactionary and fascist groups. In 1898, war had erupted with Ithra. The war had resulted in a devastating loss for the Scotatrovian nation, and was one of the final blows to the already staggering republic. Only months later, Scotatrova faced an anti-colonialist conflict in Bialya after debate over whether or not to keep control of Bialya, then home to over one million settlers wracked the country and led to war. President Bryan Reyes managed to keep the country together while taking steps to end the war. Despite its military victory, Scotatrova granted independence to Bialyans with the Atlona Accords in 1905.

Fascist coup d'etat and Civil War (1910 – 1915)

The chronic political instability and government's neglect of the army created opportunities for military plots. A military coup of a fascist origin led by Richard Navarro, put an end to the unstable First Scotatrovian Republic and initiated the National Scotatrovian Republic, an authoritarian dictatorship. Scotatrova was then under the control of Fascist Ricardo Navarro and his followers, who maintained full control of the government for the next three years. Opposition to the system came from all sides of the political spectrum from republicans, to socialists to liberals to nationalists. The military discontent, the fear of anarchist terrorism or a proletarian revolution, and the rise of nationalist movements ultimately caused great agitation among the government officials and the military. President Richard Navarro proceeded to suspend the Constitution and assume absolute powers as a dictator. During this time, he lost the support of the military and faced serious health problems. After the proclamation of the Fascist government, riots erupted nationwide to what would become the deadliest in Scotatrovian history. The situation grew worse and eventually led to a civil war, in which Ricardo Navarro faced off against Roberto Arenas, who was sworn in as the supreme leader of the insurgent Republican faction. The Scotatrovian Civil War broke out in 1913. For two years the Fascist side led by General Ricardo Navarro fought the Republican side led by Roberto Arenas. The civil war was viciously fought and there were many atrocities committed by all sides. The Scotatrovian Civil War was marked by numerous small battles and sieges between the leftist Republicans and the Fascists. The civil war did not escalate into a larger conflict, but did become an ideological battleground that pitted the left and many liberals against Catholics and conservatives.

There was a considerable amount of interference from other countries mainly because the war was a fight between the left and right factions. The government of also fascist Aelvenia gave their support to President Navarro. Up until the outbreak of the war Navarro had amassed his troops in Southern Scotatrova. This began the forward push of Navarro. There was no other official aid from other countries. Armored vehicles were used in formation to drive the enemy back. Propaganda was also widely used against the Republican supporters which broke a lot of their resolve. Air power played a significant part of the wear and included bombing of towns and other civilian targets. The Fascists did manage to train their own troops and they had become a good fighting force by the end of the conflict but it was not enough against the professional soldiers. There were some soldiers who defected from the army and went to fight for the Republicans but they were often suspected of being spies for the Fascists and their expertise was not made use of. Robert Arenas, leader of the Republican war effort, had taken all of the various Republican groups and unified them into a far stronger force than the Fascists that would eventually lead to their defeat. In 1915, Roberto Arenas emerged victorious and was elected president after a new constitution was created and elections were held. That same year, the HEIS came to power, only 5 years after being removed during the Fascist coup. The war itself was extremely horrific. The war claimed the lives of over 500,000 people and caused the flight of up to a half-million citizens from the country.

Modern Era

The Scotatrovian People's Republic (1915 – 1956)

After the war, broad democratic reforms were implemented, with the establishment of the Scotatrovian People's Republic. With the end of Robert Arenas's presidency in 1920, Adolfo Fuentes succeeded to the position of President of Scotatrova and head of state in accordance with the law. During the 1920s, the democratic restoration made possible a growing open society. New cultural movements based on freedom appeared and the conservative moral ideal (religion, patriotism, respect for authority) shifted towards a more liberal moral ideal (secularism, individualism, sexual revolution). Scotatrova began to rise as a developed economy, but faced several economic crises that resulted in high unemployment rates and increasing public debt.

During the 1930s Scotatrova faced economic crisis and allowed new immigrants (mostly from North Africa) to permanently settle in Scotatrova with their families and to acquire Scotatrovian citizenship. This lead a rise in immigration and a population of 100 million residents in 1935. Scotatrova also renounced the assimilation of immigrants, where they were expected to adhere to Scotatrovian traditional values and cultural norms. They were encouraged to retain their distinctive cultures and traditions and required merely to integrate. The proportion of Scotatrova's foreign born population increased rapidly from around 1 in 50 in 1940 to almost 1 in 8 in 1960.

The 1950's were a time of great social and cultural change. Youths, and students in particular, rejected traditional mores and pushed for change in matters such as women's rights, sexuality, disarmament and environmental issues. In 1956, a growing public pressure to carry out decolonisation led the way for the Scotatrovian government to grant independence of the overseas territories in Africa and Asia, all of which became independent countries on a basis of equality. The retreat from the overseas territories prompted a mass exodus of Scotatrovian citizens from Scotatrova's African territories (mostly from Scotatrovian Betanga and Marobo). Nearly 5 million Scotatrovians or persons of Scotatrovian descent fled the former Scotatrovian provinces as white settlers were usually not considered part of the new identities of the former Scotatrovian colonies in Africa and Asia. With the 1956 independence of its colonies, the 341-year-old Scotatrovian Empire effectively ended. In the following decades, Scotatrova became a more multi-ethnic society than before.

Contemporary Period (1956 – Present)

Scotatrova had taken many great leaps in the mid to late 20th century, such as legalizing Abortion in 1948, Marijuana in 1981 and Same-Sex Marriage in 1995. During the 1960's and 1970's, Scotatrova's economy progressed considerably as a result of companies' easier access to foreign markets. Starting in the 1980's, Scotatrova experienced an economic boom lasting two decades. During the boom years, Scotatrova attracted a large number of immigrants, but also including unknown but substantial illegal immigration, mostly from Hescettgovian America, western Europe and north Africa.

Cadecian nationalism had become more prominent moving forward into the 21st century. In the 2008 Cadecian state elections, pro-Cadecian independence parties won a majority in the General Assembly. A Cadecian independence referendum was held on April 1, 2009 and then, the Cadecian legislature voted to unilaterally declare independence from Scotatrova to form a Cadecian Republic. The referendum was declared unlawful by the Scotatrovian High Court as a breach of the constitution. The move was met with President Miguel Harrison dispatching the entire Cadecian government, and replacing them with military generals until new elections could take place. On September 24, 2011, Scotatrova was struck by a terrorist attack when members of the Cadecian nationalist group Motaquanes ea Quadeçidna (English: Liberators of Cadecia) launched a series of simultaneous, coordinated attacks on several Scotatrovian cities when the nation was enjoying it's National Foundation Day celebrations, killing 1,216 people and injured more than 3,000. The national government established new domestic efforts to prevent future attacks. The nature of these attacks is known to stem from the animosity held by many Cadecians after the Scotatrovian governments handling of the 2009 independence referendum.

In 2013, the attacks, along with the way the government handled the Cadecian referendum two years earlier, resulted in President Miguel Harrison and the People's Forum losing a lot of support. This loss in votes ended up with Gabriel Marquez, a Social Democrat, being elected in 2012 and 2017. Political debate continued over issues such as climate change, immigration, income inequality and foreign policy. In 2018, a referendum to amend the voting system was put forth to the citizens, of which a majority of voters voted in favor. On January 1, 2020 the referendum was officially adopted and the 12 Scotatrovian states were split into 20, with a census being held on April 1, 2020 to form the electoral districts for the states, followed by elections to Parliament in September. The Presidential Election occured in 2022, with Gabriel Marquez ending his final term. The result of the election ended with Santiago Diaz of the Liberal Party to win the election with 55% of the vote over the People's Forum candidate. A couple weeks following the Presidential Election, Legislative Elections were held in which the Liberal Party scored its best performance in legislative elections ever, wiping the Social Democratic Party from power to form the majority. While Scotatrova continues to revere its rich history and independence, Scotatrovian leaders increasingly tie the future of Scotatrova to the continued development of Europe. Today, Scotatrova remains a great power with significant cultural, economic, military, and political influence.