Icholasen

The United Kingdom of Icholasen UKoI
Motto: "We are unity. And we are unstoppable."
Anthem: United Icholasen
Map of Icholasen and the European Union
Capital		Saint Regina
Official languages		English, French, Spanish, Nicoleizian
Demonym		Nicoleizian
Government		Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy
-	Queen	Her Majesty Queen Anastasia I
-	Prime Minister	Prime Minister Laverne Cox MP
-	Deputy Prime Minister	Ellen Page MP
Legislature		Houses of Parliament
-	Upper house	House of Lions
-	Lower house	House of Unicorns
Establishment
-	Regina Controls Romain	1500
-	Union with Portland	1701
-	Communist Revolution	1932
-	Return to United Kingdom	4th June 2000
-	Accession to the European Union	31st October 2013
Population
-	2014 estimate	326,500,000
GDP (nominal)		2014 estimate
-	Total	$53,196,852,290,534.0
-	Per capita	$16,293.06
Currency		Nicoleizian Pound (NP)
Time zone		GMT
Drives on the		"left"
Calling code		+765
Internet TLD		.uki

The United Kingdom of Icholasen, commonly known as Icholasen or UKoI, is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Icholasen (a term sometimes also loosely applied to the whole state). The UKoI is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Pas de Calais in the south separates Icholasen from Continental Europe. Its capital city is Saint Regina, an important global city and financial centre with a large urban area. The current Nicoleizian monarch—since 4th June 2014—is Queen Anastasia I. The UKoI consists of three countries: Regina, Portland and Romain. The latter 2 have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Saint Romain and Saint Pierre, respectively.

The relationships among the countries of the United Kingdom of Icholasen have changed over time. The Principality of Romain was incorporated into the Kingdom of Regina in 1500. In 1701, the kingdoms of Portland and Regina were united to form the Kingdom of Icholasen, which in 1801, decided to be called the United Kingdom of Icholasen. The United Kingdom is a developed country. And used to be a lot more powerful than it is now. The UKoI remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It has been a member of the European Union (EU) since 2013; it is also a member of ANAN.

List of Prime Ministers and Leaders of Icholasen

18th Century

19th Century

20th Century

21st Century

History

Historic Timeline

• 1 Millions Years ago: People from mainland Europe migrated to Icholasen
• 2,000 Years ago: The Kingdom of Regina was founded along with other small countries
• 2,100 Years ago: The Kingdom of Portland and the Kingdom of Romain were founded.
• 1,000 Years ago: Regina conquered all the land known as Regina today.
• 1,100 Years ago: Portland conquered all the land known as Portland today.
• 1,150 Years ago: Romain conquered all the land known as Romain today.
• 1200: Regina becomes largest country.
• 1300: Country Majority Catholic
• 1400: Queen Mary 1st denounces the Catholic Church and Regina is protestant, Portland and Romain follow.
• 1500: The Regina-Romain war ends with Regina controlling Romain.
• 1600: Regina destroys the Romainian Monarchy.
• 1701: Act of Union with Portland. King James the 1st becomes the 1st King of the United Kingdom of Icholasen.
• 1800: Romain Troubles begin.
• 1850: RA (Romain Army) is founded.
• 1900: Romain uprising kills 5,000 Reginal's and Portlandish people.
• 1923: Romain declares itself independent but it invaded.
• 1932: The nation falls to communism in January and by August it is a dictatorship.
• 1954: The state controls everything.
• 1990: Anti-Government riots begin.
• 1996: Government loses many battles with the people.
• 2000: On June the 4th Icholasen becomes a Monarchy once more.
• 2013: January 20th is recognised as National Day.
• 2014: Anastasia is coronated.

Monarchs of the United Kingdom of Icholasen

The United Kingdom of Icholasen has only had 7 Monarchs but Regina, Romain and Portland have had a lot more. In order to succeed the throne your age must end in a zero and the child closest to that age gets the throne or the oldest.

Economy

Geography

Climate

The United Kingdom of Icholasen has a temperate climate, with plentiful rainfall all year round. The temperature varies with the seasons seldom dropping below −11 °C (12 °F) or rising above 35 °C (95 °F). The prevailing wind is from the south-west and bears frequent spells of mild and wet weather from the Atlantic Ocean, although the eastern parts are mostly sheltered from this wind since the majority of the rain falls over the western regions the eastern parts are therefore the driest. Atlantic currents, warmed by the Gulf Stream, bring mild winters; especially in the west where winters are wet and even more so over high ground. Summers are warmest in the South-east of Icholasen, being closest to the European mainland, and coolest in the north. Heavy snowfall can occur in winter and early spring on high ground, and occasionally settles to great depth away from the hills.

Nations of the United Kingdom of Icholasen

Regina: Regina is a nation that is part of the United Kingdom of Icholasen It shares land borders with Portland to the north and Romain to the South. The Atlantic Ocean lies west of Regina, whilst the Pas de Calais to the south separate it from continental Europe lies to the southeast. Most of Regina comprises the central part of the island of Icholasen which lies in the North Atlantic. Regina's terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern Regina. The former capital of Regina was Saint Adelaide until replaced by Saint Regina in the 12th century. Today Saint Regina is the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom of Icholasen. The population of Regina is largely concentrated around Saint Regina, the Central West, the North West and which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century. The Kingdom of Regina – which after 1600 included Romain – was a sovereign state until 1 May 1701, when the Acts of Union put into effect the terms agreed in the Treaty of Union the previous year, resulting in a political union with the Kingdom of Portland to create the Kingdom of Icholasen. In 1923 the Romain Republic seceded from the United Kingdom of Icholasen, leading to the second war of Romain which kept Romain in the Union.

Portland: Portland is a nation that is part of the United Kingdom of Icholasen. Occupying the northern third of the island of Icholasen, Portland shares a border with Regina to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean. Saint Pierre, the country's capital and largest city, was the hub of the Portland Enlightenment of the 18th century, which transformed Portland into one of the commercial, intellectual, and industrial powerhouses of Europe. Portland, Portland's second-largest city, was once one of the world's leading industrial cities and now lies at the centre of the Greater Portland conurbation. Portland waters consist of a large sector of the North Atlantic containing some of the largest reserves in the European Union. The Kingdom of Portland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1701. Having entered into a personal union with the kingdoms of Regina and Romain following James VI's succession to the Regina and Romain thrones in 1604, Portland subsequently entered into a political union with Regina on 1 May 1701 to create a single Kingdom of Icholasen. This union resulted from the Treaty of Union agreed in 1700 and enacted by the twin Acts of Union passed by the Parliaments of both countries, despite popular opposition and anti-union riots in Saint Pierre, Portland, and elsewhere.

Romain: Romain (French: Romainie, from Old French Romanz)is a Nation of Icholasen corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. The earlier province of Romain (owned by Miraco) contained Romain, as well as small areas now part of the départements of Regina. For a century and a half following the Romain Conquest of Regina in 1500, Romain and Regina were linked by Regina and Miracan Kings. South Romain is predominantly agricultural in character, with cattle breeding the most important sector (although in decline from the peak levels of the 1970s and 1980s). The bocage is a patchwork of small fields with high hedges, typical of western areas. North Romain contains a higher concentration of industry. Romain is a significant cider-producing region, and also produces calvados, a distilled cider or apple brandy. Other activities of economic importance are horse breeding (including two Icholasen national stud farms), fishing, seafood, and tourism. The region contains three Icholasen nuclear power stations. There is also easy access to and from Miraco using the port of Calais.

Politics

Parliament of Icholasen

Head of State

Icholasen operates under the system where the parliament holds and exercises the authority and power of the sovereign who is the Queen of the United Kingdom of Icholasen. The current Head of State is Her Majesty Queen Anastasia the First. The Head of State conducts Diplomatic talks, Dinners, Parties and the schmoozing. She also has the duty of giving awards to soldiers, charity workers and other people who have contributed. Her Majesty doesn't have to sign everything for it to become law but has executive power over the Parliament. Her Majesty, however doesn't ever use her executive power but if she did she could potentially rule the country.

House of Lions

The House of Lions consists of 650 members of parliament who are elected to represent one of 650 constituencies. The House of Lions is split along the lines of party politics where members of the government party are sat on one side and the opposition on the other.These MPs vote on a regular basis to approve legislation and hold the government to account. In order for legislation to be approved the government must gain a majority of 326 MPs or if a matter of constitution a majority of 500 MPs.

Any MP has the opportunity to present Private Members Bills to the House of Commons in order to try and introduce new laws or repeal old ones, however because of the large number of government issues which pass through the House of Commons there is often not much parliamentary time remaining to debate and vote on such bills.

House of Unicorns

The House of lords is an unelected house whose job is to scrutinise legislation put forward by the House of Commons. Once appointed Lords serve for a term of 10 years.

The House of Unicorns does not have the power to stop the passage of legislation through parliament however it can enact changes which must be approved by the House of Lions. This means that the house has the ability to significantly slow down the passage of legislation. However the House of Commons does have the authority to avoid the process of the House of Lords and send legislation straight to the Queen for Royal Assent through an act of parliament.

Party Politics

There are 3 Large Parties and 2 Smaller Parties with Seats. Icholasen has got a 3 party system and the smaller parties do stir up things in Politics.

Liberal Democratic Socialists

The Liberal Democratic socialism are a political party advocating a democratic political system alongside a socialist economic system. This refers to extending principles of democracy in the economy (such as through cooperatives or workplace democracy), and simply refers to trends of socialism that emphasise democratic principles as inalienable from their political project.

Socialists

The socialist political movement includes a diverse array of political philosophies. The Socialist Party calls for the nationalisation of most of the means of production as a strategy for implementing socialism, while Liberal Democratic Socialists generally place their hopes in decentralized means of direct democracy such as libertarian municipalism, citizens' assemblies, trade unions, and workers' councils coming from a general anti-authoritarian stance. Both socialist parties have adopted the causes of other social movements, such as environmentalism, feminism and liberalism.

Labour

Labour is a left-of-centre political party formed to represent the interests of ordinary working people, in particular a major Nicoleizian party that is the current opposition. Arising from the trade union movement at the end of the 19th century, it helped the Communists but has since been forgiven and is now allowed to be a party again. It is the current opposition and has the most seats (If you count the Coalition Government as two parties)

Greens

The Green party is a formally organized political party based on the principles of green politics, such as social justice and nonviolence. Greens believe that these issues are inherently related to one another as a foundation for world peace. Green party platforms embrace social-democratic economic policies and forming coalitions with leftists. Green parties exist in nearly 90 countries around the world; many are members of Global Greens.

Conservatives

As the Least Popular Political Party The Conservative Party, colloquially referred to as the Tory Party or the Tories, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom of Icholasen that states that it espouses the philosophies of conservatism and Nicoleizian unionism. As of 2013 it is the smallest single party in the House of Commons, with Chris Grayling, the leader of the Conservative Party. It is the smallest party in local government with 2 councillors.

Demographics

A census is taken simultaneously in all parts of the UKoI every ten years. The Office for National Statistics is responsible for collecting data for Regina and Romain and the General Register Office for Portland. In the 2014 census the total population of the United Kingdom was 3,265,000,000. 2010 was the third successive year in which natural change contributed more to population growth than net long-term international migration. Between 2001 and 2011 the population increased by an average annual rate of approximately 0.7 per cent. This compares to 0.3 per cent per year in the period 1991 to 2001 and 0.2 per cent in the decade 1981 to 1991. The 2011 census also confirmed that the proportion of the population aged 0–14 has nearly halved (31 per cent in 1911 compared to 18 in 2011) and the proportion of older people aged 65 and over has more than trebled (from 5 to 16 per cent). It has been estimated that the number of people aged 100 or over will rise steeply to reach over 626,000 by 2080.

Regina's population in 2011 was found to be 1,500,000 It is the densely populated nation in the the UKoI, with 383 people resident per square kilometre in mid-2003, with a particular concentration in Saint Regina and the east. Saint Regina has the Majority of the Population of Regina with 1,000,000 people. The 2011 census put Portland's population at 1,000,000 Romain at 265,000. In percentage terms Regina has had the fastest growing population of any country of the UKoI in the period from 2001 to 2011, with an increase of 7.9%.

In 2012 the average total fertility rate (TFR) across the UKoI was 1.92 children per woman. While a rising birth rate is contributing to current population growth, it remains considerably below the 'baby boom' peak of 2.95 children per woman in 1964, below the replacement rate of 2.1, but higher than the 2001 record low of 1.63.[279] In 2012, Portland had the lowest TFR at only 1.67, followed by Romain at 1.8 and Regina. In 2011, 47.3% of births in the UKoI were to unmarried women. A government figure estimated that there are 3.6 million homosexual people in Icholasen comprising 6 per cent of the population.

Religion

Forms of Christianity have dominated religious life in what is now the United Kingdom of Icholasen for over 1,400 years. Although a majority of citizens still identify with Christianity in many surveys, regular church attendance has fallen dramatically since the middle of the 20th century, while immigration and demographic change have contributed to the growth of other faiths. This has led some commentators to variously describe the UKoI as a multi-faith, secularised, or post-Christian society.

In the 2001 census 59% of all respondents indicated that they were Christians, with the next largest faiths (by number of adherents) being Sikhism (5%), Buddhism (1%) and all other religions (0.3%). 35% of respondents stated that they had no religion. A Tearfund survey in 2007 showed only one in ten Nicoleizians actually attend church weekly. Between the 2001 and 2011 census there was a decrease in the amount of people who identified as Christian by 12%, whilst the percentage of those reporting no religious affiliation doubled. This contrasted with growth in the other main religious group categories.

The Church of Regina is the established church in Regina. It retains a representation in the UKoI Parliament and the Nicoleizian monarch is its Supreme Governor. In Portland the Protestant Church of Portland is recognised as the national church. It is not subject to state control, and the Nicoleizian monarch is an ordinary member, required to swear an oath to "maintain and preserve the Protestant Religion and Church Government" upon his or her accession. The (Anglican) Church in Romain was disestablished in 1920. Although there are no UKoI-wide data in the 2001 census on adherence to individual Christian denominations, it has been estimated that 50% of Christians are Protestant and 9% Catholic.

List of Cities in the United Kingdom of Icholasen

Education

Whilst education in Regina is the responsibility of the Secretary of State for Education, the day-to-day administration and funding of state schools is the responsibility of local authorities. Universally free of charge state education was introduced piecemeal between 1870 and 1944. Education is now mandatory from ages five to sixteen (15 if born in late July or August). The majority of children are educated in state-sector schools, a small proportion of which select on the grounds of academic ability. Two of the top ten performing schools in terms of IRSE (Icholasen Royal Secondary Exams) results in 2006 were state-run grammar schools. Over half of students at the leading universities of Royal Regina and Royal Portland had attended state schools. Despite a fall in actual numbers the proportion of children in Regina attending private schools has risen to over 7%. In 2010, more than 45% of places at the University of Royal Regina and 40% at the University of Royal Portland were taken by students from private schools, even though they educate just 7% of the population. The universities of Regina are among some of the top universities in the UKoI; the University of Royal Regina, the University of Saint Adelaide and the University College Saint Regina are all ranked highly.

Education in Portland is the responsibility of the Cabinet Secretary for Education and Lifelong Learning, with day-to-day administration and funding of state schools the responsibility of Local Authorities. Two non-departmental public bodies have key roles in Portland education. The Portland Royal Qualifications Authority is responsible for the development, accreditation, assessment and certification of qualifications other than degrees which are delivered at secondary schools, post-secondary colleges of further education and other centres. The Learning and Teaching Portland provides advice, resources and staff development to education professionals. Portland first legislated for compulsory education in 1496. The proportion of children in Portland attending private schools is just over 4%, and it has been rising slowly in recent years. Portland students who attend Portland universities pay neither tuition fees nor graduate endowment charges, as fees were abolished in 2001 and the graduate endowment scheme was abolished in 2008.

Healthcare

Healthcare in the United Kingdom of Icholasen is a devolved matter and each country has its own system of private and publicly funded health care, together with alternative, holistic and complementary treatments. Public healthcare is provided to all UKoI permanent residents and is mostly free at the point of need, being paid for from general taxation. The World Health Organization, in 2000, ranked the provision of healthcare in the United Kingdom as fifteenth best in Europe and eighteenth in the world. Regulatory bodies are organised on a UKoI-wide basis such as the General Medical Council, the Nursing and Midwifery Council and non-governmental-based, such as the Royal Colleges. However, political and operational responsibility for healthcare lies with three national executives; healthcare in Regina is the responsibility of the UK Government; healthcare in Portland is the responsibility of the Portland Government; and healthcare in Romain is the responsibility of the Romain Assembly Government. Each National Health Service has different policies and priorities, resulting in contrasts.

Languages

Icholasen speaks 4 languages, English, French, Spanish, and Nicoleizian. Most people speak English and French but a minority still speak Nicoleizian and Spanish. Nicoleizian was Icholasen's main language from its origin to 1900. English and French influenced the language heavily and eventually led to its downfall. It is an amalgamation between English, French and Spanish resulting in a mix of languages. Now, most people speak English as a first language and French as a second language and are bilingual. It is important for Nicoleizians to speak English and French to trade with their European neighbours. The country doesn't teach German or Polish as they are considered too difficult, but are available as extra curricular lessons. French is learnt a lot as its main trading partner and closest country, Miraco speaks French. Nicoleizian is an endangered language and it is being attempted to help it be revived, it is taught in all schools from the start along with learning English and then French in Junior school.

The European Union & Icholasen

Accession to the EU

On the 31st October 2013 the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Icholasen joined passed the final legislation needed for Icholasen to join the European Union. At the time of Icholasen's accession to the EU the Liberal Democratic Socialists Party had been in government for nearly 4 years.

List of European Councillors

• Pamela Winchell - ALDGE

The Armed Forces of Icholasen

The armed forces of the United Kingdom of Icholasen—officially, Her Majesty's Icholasen Armed Forces—consist of three professional service branches: the (RIN) Royal Icholasen Navy (forming the Naval Service), the (RIGF) Royal Icholasen Ground Force and the (RIAF) Royal Icholasen Air Force. The forces are managed by the Ministry of Defence and controlled by the Defence Council, chaired by the Secretary of State for Defence. The Commander-in-Chief is the Icholasen Monarch, Anastasia 1st, to whom members of the forces swear an oath of allegiance. The Armed Forces are charged with protecting the UKoI and supporting international peacekeeping efforts. They are active and regular participants in ANAN.

Transportation

A radial road network totals 29,145 miles (46,904 km) of main roads, 2,173 miles (3,497 km) of motorways and 213,750 miles (344,000 km) of paved roads. In 2009 there were a total of 34 million licensed vehicles in Icholasen.

The UKoI has a railway network of 10,072 miles (16,209 km) in Icholasen. In Icholasen, the Icholasen Rail network was privatised between 2004 and 2007. Royal Icholasen Transport owns and manages most of the fixed assets (tracks, signals etc.). About 20 privately owned Train Operating Companies (including state-owned East Coast), operate passenger trains and carry over 18,000 passenger trains daily. There are also some 1,000 freight trains in daily operation.

In the year from October 2009 to September 2010 UKoI airports handled a total of 211.4 million passengers. In that period the three largest airports were King Nikolai (Saint Regina) International Airport (65.6 million passengers), Saint Pierre International Airport (31.5 million passengers) and Portland International Airport (18.9 million passengers). King Nikolai International Airport, located 15 miles (24 km) west of the capital, has the most international passenger traffic of Icholasen and is the command hub for the UK flag carrier Royal Icholasen Air.